返青期休牧对祁连山区中度退化草原化草甸草地的影响  

Effects of rest-grazing in the regreen-up period on moderately degraded steppification meadow of Qilian Mountain

作　　者：李林栖 马玉寿[1,2] 李世雄[1,2] 王晓丽[1,2] 王彦龙[1,2] 景美玲[1,2] 李松阳[1,2] 年勇 韩海龙 

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院(青海省畜牧兽医科学院),青海西宁810003 [2]青海大学三江源区高寒草地生态省部共建教育部重点实验室,青海西宁810003 [3]祁连县草原监理工作站,青海祁连810499

出　　处：《草业科学》2017年第10期2016-2022,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：青海省科技支撑计划--祁连山退化草地恢复及可持续利用技术集成与示范(2015-SF-129);2015年祁连山生态保护与建设综合治理工程科技示范推广--黑土滩(坡)治理技术集成示范项目(2015-Q-1)

摘　　要：为解决祁连山区高寒草地牧草返青期季节性超载过牧问题,自2015年5月至7月起连续两年在青海省祁连县默勒镇瓦日尕村的冬春放牧地上进行了为期60d的返青期休牧试验,休牧期间放牧家畜全部采用舍饲圈养,并于2016年8月中旬对休牧草地进行植被调查。结果表明,返青期休牧可使草地群落的总盖度、总植物量显著增加(P<0.05),使禾本科牧草株高、分盖度和植物量显著增加(P<0.05),对莎草科植物影响不显著(P>0.05);阔叶型毒杂草的株高、盖度、生物量均有下降的趋势。休牧两年与休牧一年相比,群落中禾本科植物的株高、盖度、植物量均在继续增加,阔叶型毒杂草的各项指标继续下降。结果证明,返青期休牧可有效促进祁连山区草原化草甸退化草地的植被恢复,并大幅度提高草地生产力。To solve the problem seasonal overgrazing in alpine meadows in the Qilian Mountain area, field control experiments of rest-grazing in the regreen-up period on winter-spring pasture were conducted for approximately 60 days from May to July, at Moeller Town, Qilian County, Qinghai Province. The characteristics of vegetation, including the height, coverage, and above-ground biomass of primary species, were investigated in August. The results showed that the measures of the rest-grazing in the regreen-up period significantly increased total coverage, grassland productivity, and grass plant height, coverage, and biomass. No significant influence was found on Cyperaceae plants, and the plant height, coverage, and biomass of the broadleaf weeds showed a downward trend. Compared with the rest-grazing for 1 year, that for 2 years showed that there were increases in the plant height, coverage, and biomass of graminaceous plants, whereas all indices of broadleaf weeds continued to decline. In conclusion, the measure of rest-grazing can effectively promote the substantial recovery of steppe meadow grassland vegetation and markedly improve the productivity of grassland in the Qilian Mountain area.

关 键 词：祁连山区 草原化草甸 返青期休牧 春季休牧 群落物种组成 退化草地恢复 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]