不同供水吸力对番茄光合特征与声发射特性的影响  

Experimental Research on Photosynthetic and Acoustic Emission Characteristics for Tomato Under Different Water Supply Tension

作　　者：卫如雪 余礼根 郭文忠 薛绪掌 岳焕芳 胡潇怡 

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术学院,北京102206 [2]国家农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100029

出　　处：《北方园艺》2017年第20期93-99,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：科技部星火计划重点资助项目(2015GA600005);北京市农林科学院设施园艺科技创新团队资助项目(JNKST201615)

摘　　要：以"迪安娜"番茄为试材,采用负水头供水控水盆栽装置,吸力值分别设定为15、35、55、75hPa持续稳定控制不同的土壤含水率。利用声发射监测系统(physical acoustic corporation,PAC)连续监测番茄的声发射信号,通过测定番茄叶片净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)等光合参数及空气温度、相对湿度和光照强度等,研究了声发射计数与番茄净光合速率、蒸腾速率之间的关系。结果表明:供水吸力越小,番茄的净光合速率、蒸腾速率越大,叶片温度越小,蒸腾速率与净光合速率变化规律一致;08:00—18:00番茄声发射特性与番茄光合特征之间变化规律一致,二者具有良好的吻合特性。其中,12:00—14:00净光合速率和蒸腾速率达到全天最大值,供水吸力为55hPa和75hPa的番茄植株声发射计数达到最大值,分别为34和15。综上所述,不同供水吸力下,番茄光合特征与声发射特性之间具有良好的线性关系,进一步的试验结果表明其可为灌溉策略的制定提供一定的研究基础。‘Deanna’ tomato was used as material, using the negative pressure water supplying and controlling pot device, the water supply tension was set at 15 hPa, 35 hPa, 55 hPa and 75 hPa, respectively, and the soil water content was controlled continuously. Using the acoustic emission monitoring system to acquire acoustic emission signals, to mearsure the net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and transpiration rate （Tr） of tomato leaves,and air temperature,relative humidity and light intensity to study the relationship between the acoustic emission count and the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of the tomato. The results showed that the smaller water supply tension, the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate increased gradually and the leaf temperature decreased gradually. The change of transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate were consistent. The characteristics of AE signal were analyzed within 10 hours from 08：00 to 18：00 and the changes of AE characteristics and tomato photosynthetic characteristics were counted every two hours, then it was found that there was a good agreement. Among them, the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate reached the maximum value between 12-00 and 14.00, the acoustic emission count of tomato under water supply tension of 55 hPa and 75 hPa reached the maximum,were 34 and 15 respectively. In conclusion, the photosynthetic characteristics and the acoustic emission characteristics of tomato under different water supply tension were significantly different, and there was a good linear relationship between them. The further experimental results showed that it could provide a basis for the formulation of irrigation strategies.

关 键 词：番茄 负水头控水 蒸腾速率 声发射 灌溉 

分 类 号：S641.207.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]