胡杨(Populus euphratica)水分再分配与其伴生种多样性和生态位的关系  

Relationships among Populous euphratica Hydraulic Redistribution,Niche Breadth and Biodiversity of Its Companion Species in Tugai Forests

作　　者：杨晓东[1,2] 龚雪伟 朱丽安 吕光辉[1,5] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [3]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林生态与管理重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110016 [4]宁波市滨海国际学校,浙江宁波315830 [5]新疆大学干旱生态环境研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2017年第5期933-941,共9页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31500343;31060061)

摘　　要：杜加依林建群种胡杨(Populus euphratica)的水分再分配现象已被广泛认知,但该现象对其伴生种多样性和生态位宽度的影响仍不清楚。基于120个样方的调查数据,通过分析比较2010年6、8、10月胡杨林冠下(林冠群落)与非胡杨林下(对照群落)在群落数量特征、物种多样性和生态位宽度上的差别,以探明水分再分配和物种多样性间的关系。结果表明:(1)林冠灌木和草本群落的郁闭度、株高和多度在6、8、10月均分别显著高于对照灌木和草本群落(P<0.05);(2)在6、8、10月,林冠灌木的Margalef丰富度指数和Brillouin物种多样性指数均显著高于对照群落(P<0.05),Pielou均匀度指数在两群落间未有显著性差别(P>0.05);相反,林冠草本群落的Margalef丰富度指数仅在6月和10月显著高于对照群落(P<0.05),其他时期,林冠草本群落的物种多样性指数均小于对照群落;(3)林冠灌木和草本群落的物种生态位宽度多高于对照灌木和草本群落。胡杨作为杜加依林的建群种,其拥有水分再分配现象能够改善森林的水分条件,对胡杨林冠下伴生种群落的数量特征、生态位宽度和物种多样性产生积极影响。Relationship between plant and water in arid environment is a hotspot in physiology and ecology research,but the connections between hydraulic redistribution（HR）and species diversity is still undiscovered.In this study,Based on the survey data of 120 quadrats in June,August and October 2010,the community under the P.euphratica canopy（Under community：UC）and the community outside the P.euphratica canopy（Control community：CC）were used to test the differences of community numerical characteristics,niche breadth and community diversity between UC and CC.The results showed that,（1）canopy density,abundance and community depth in herb and shrub UC（HUC and SUC）were significantly higher than these in herb and shrub CC（HCC and SCC）from June to October（P0.05）;（2）Margalef richness and Brillouin diversity index in SUC were significantly higher than these in SCC（P0.05）across growing season,but there was no significant difference between SCC and SUC for Pielou evenness index（P0.05）.On the contrary,Margalef richness index in HUC only was significantly higher than these in HCC in June and October（P0.05）,but at other all times,Margalef richness,Brillouin diversity and Pielou evenness index were higher in HCC;（3）niche breadth in SUC and HUC were larger than these in SCC and HCC across growing season.In conclusion,P.euphratica HR significantly ameliorates the water conditions of shallow soil,which then influences the community numerical characteristics,niche breadth and community diversity.

关 键 词：水分再分配 胡杨(Populus euphratica) 伴生植物 生态位宽度 物种多样性 杜加依林 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]