分蘖期和幼穗分化期旱涝急转对超级杂交早稻产量和品质的影响  

Effect of a Sudden Change from Drought to Waterlogging at the Tilleringor Young Spiking Stage on Yield and Grain of Hybrid Rice

作　　者：熊强强[1] 沈天花 钟蕾[1] 陈小荣[1] 朱昌兰[1] 彭小松[1] 贺浩华[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西省超级稻工程技术研究中心/双季稻现代化生产协同中心,南昌330045

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2017年第10期39-45,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(314771441;30860136);江西省科技支撑项目(2010BNA03600);江西省教育厅项目(GJJ14283)

摘　　要：为了探明"旱涝急转"对水稻稻米品质和产量形成的影响,以超级杂交早稻品种(淦鑫203)为材料,采用桶栽方式,分别于分蘖期和幼穗分化初期设置"不旱不涝"(CK)、"干旱不涝"(F1,T1)、"不旱淹涝"(F2,T2)及"旱涝急转"(F3,T3)等处理,分析了稻米品质和产量指标。结果表明,分蘖期"旱涝急转"对稻米品质影响总体较小,仅稻米垩白度较CK下降较为明显,其余稻米品质指标与CK间差异不显著;与CK相比,幼穗分化期"旱涝急转"则显著降低整精米率、粒长和胶稠度,降幅分别达20.05%、9.70%、29.35%,各处理间直链淀粉质量分数无显著差异;"旱涝急转"处理垩白粒率和垩白度较CK分别增加5.64%和20.39%,而稻米外观品质、加工品质和蒸煮品质均不同程度下降;分蘖期和幼穗分化期不同水分胁迫下超级杂交早稻单株产量均不同程度下降,其中分蘖期和幼穗分化期"旱涝急转"处理较CK单株产量分别下降30.27%和43.37%,分蘖期处理主要为每穗总粒数和单株有效穗数下降,幼穗分化期处理主要为每穗总粒数和结实率下降。总体上,幼穗分化期"旱涝急转"较分蘖期"旱涝急转"对稻米加工品质、外观品质、蒸煮品质及产量形成的不利影响更大。The effect of drought-flooding alternation on yield and grain quality of hybrid early rice was studied in this paper. We took Ganxin203 variety as the model plant, growing it in pots. Different drought-flooding alterna- tions were examined： drought without flooding, flooding without drought, and a sudden change from drought to flooding attilleringor young spiking stage respectively. The results showed that a sudden change from drought to flooding at the tillering stage had a small impact on rice quality, and that the only difference was in the chalkiness of the rice which, in the treatment, was significantly lower than that in the control （without drought and flooding）. However, a quick switch from drought to flooding at young spiking stage significantly reduced the head rice rate, grain length and gel consistency by 20.05%, 19.70% and 29.35%, respectively, compared with the control. There was no significant difference in amylose content, compared with the control. A sudden change from drought to flooding increased chalky grain rate and chalkiness by 5.64% and 20.39% respectively, while decreased the ap- pearance, processing quality and taste of the rice. The drought and flooding resulted in yield loss per plant; a change from drought to flooding at tillering and young spiking stage led to a reduction in yield by 30.27% and 43.37%. Water stress at tillering stage mainly resulted in an decrease in the number of grains per panicle and over- all panicles per plant, while water stress at young spiking stage led to a decrease in total number of grains per panicle and the maturing rate. Overall, a sudden change from drought to flooding at young spiking stage detrimentally affects rice production.

关 键 词：超级杂交早稻 分蘖期 幼穗分化期 旱涝急转 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S511.31[农业科学—作物学]