小麦秸秆不同还田方式下土壤微生物碳代谢多样性特征  

Carbon Metabolism Diversity Characteristics of Soil Microbe Affected by Wheat Straw Incorporation Pattern

作　　者：周运来[1,2] 张振华[1] 范如芹[1] 钱晓晴[2] 卢信[1] 刘丽珠[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225100

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2017年第10期913-920,共8页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41401259);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20161379);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金[CX(17)3019]

摘　　要：秸秆还田是影响稻田土壤固碳潜力的重要措施,研究秸秆不同还田方式下土壤微生物碳源代谢特征对提高农作物秸秆利用和增加土壤碳固定具有重要意义,为此采用自动微生物鉴定系统(Biolog-ECO)研究在短期耕作条件下小麦秸秆不同还田方式对稻田耕层土壤微生物群落结构和多样性的影响。以江苏省六合区黄棕壤为研究对象,对等氮量秸秆发酵床垫料化还田(SP)、秸秆炭化(补施化肥)还田(BR)、秸秆+猪粪发酵还田(OF)、传统施用化肥(CF)和不施肥(CK)对照处理土壤进行分层采样,采用Biolog-ECO方法揭示微生物群落结构的多样性,并采用主成分分析法(PCA)探讨土壤微生物群落结构的变化特征。结果表明,不同秸秆还田方式能显著影响土壤微生物碳代谢特征,OF处理土壤微生物碳代谢能力、微生物多样性各项指数及糖类、氨基酸、胺类和多聚物利用率明显高于其他处理;而SP处理土壤微生物的影响明显小于OF、BR处理;不同秸秆还田方式能显著影响土壤表层(0~5 cm)和耕作亚表层(>5~10 cm)微生物碳利用,而对耕作底层(>10~20 cm)的影响较小;不同秸秆还田方式影响土壤微生物多样性,与CF和BR处理相比,OF和SP处理增加了土壤微生物多样性。认为OF和BR处理可在短期内显著提高土壤微生物碳代谢多样性和对碳源的利用。Straw incorporation is an important measure to improve soil carbon sequestration potential in paddy fields. The research to characterize soil microbial biomass carbon metabolism as affected by straw incorporation method or pattern means significantly to utilization of crop straw and soil carbon sequestration. To explore effects of straw incorporations dif-ferent in pattern on soil microbiological characteristics, four treatments were designed, i. e. incorporation of straw used as padding of a fermentation bed （SP）, incorporation of carbonized straw or biochar as supplement to chemical fertilization （ BR） , incorporation of straw plus composted pig dung （ OF） and chemical fertilization （ CF） , in addition to CK （ no ferti- lization）,for the field experiment of the study. All the treatments were equivalently the same in N application rate. The bi-ology-ECO technology was used to reveal diversity of soil microbial community structure, and PCA performed to character-ize variation of the soil microbial community structure. Results show that straw incorporation pattern was an important factor affecting soil microbial carbon metabolism in characteristic. Treatment OF was obviously higher than all the other ones in effect on soil microbial carbon metabolism capacity, microbial diversity and saccharides, amino acid, polymers and amine utilization rates, and Treatment SP was much lower than Treatments OF and BR in effect on soil microbe. Straw incorpora-tion pattern could also significantly affect soil microbial carbon utilization in the top soil layer （ 0-5 cm） and sub-surface soil layer （ 〉5-10 cm） ,but not so much in the subsoil layer （ 〉10-20 cm）. It also affected soil microbial diversity. Com-pared with Treatments CF and BR, Treatments OF and SP improved soil microbial diversity. It is, therefore, held that OF and BR may significantly improve soil microbial carbon metabolism diversity and soil microbial carbon utilization within a short period of time.

关 键 词：秸秆 生物质炭 发酵床垫料 Biolog生态微平板 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学] S154.36[生物学—普通生物学]