微陶材料对铀的吸附特性  

Adsorption of Uranium (Ⅵ) on Micro Ceramic Materials

作　　者：朱锐之 李力力[1] 朱留超[1] 赵立飞[1] 赵永刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院放射化学研究所,北京102413

出　　处：《核化学与放射化学》2017年第5期377-384,共8页Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry

摘　　要：采用多种方法对微陶材料进行了表征,分别采用静态法和动态法研究了溶液pH、吸附时间、铀初始浓度、吸附剂用量、解吸流速、吸附剂粒度等因素对微陶材料吸附铀的影响;探究了微陶材料对模拟放射性废水的处理能力。实验结果表明,扫描电镜显示微陶材料底部为层状结构,能谱显示其表面主要成分为铝元素,还有少量(质量分数6.00%)的铁元素;XRD结果显示微陶材料表面无明显Fe的衍射峰;红外光谱显示微陶材料对铀进行了吸附;当pH=5、吸附时间为1h、铀初始质量浓度为100μg/L、微陶材料用量为50mg时,微陶材料对铀的吸附率达到95%以上;动态法中流速和粒度对吸附影响较小;微陶材料对铀的吸附等温线符合Freundlich吸附等温模型;采用准二级反应动力学模型描述微陶材料对铀的吸附,吸附过程主要为化学吸附;微陶材料对模拟放射性废水中铀的吸附率均在90%以上,对锶、铯也有一定的吸附能力。Multiple material symbolization methods were used to symbolize micro ceramic materials.Static and dynamic methods were used to study how different factors such as pH value,adsorption time,original uranyl concentration,dosage of adsorbent,flow velocity and particle size of adsorbent affect the adsorbability of micro ceramic materials.The processing capacity for simulative radioactive wastewater was also explored.Experimental results show that bottom of micro ceramic materials is stratified under SEM;micro-energy spectrum reveals that main components of the surface are Al and a small amount of Fe（percentage of quality is 6.00%）;XRD result shows there is no detectable diffraction peak of Fe on the surface;FTIR shows ceramic materials does adsorb uranium.When pH is 5,adsorption time is1 h,original mass concentration of uranium is 100μg/L,and dosage of micro ceramic materials is 50 mg,the adsorption efficiency for uranium can reach 95% or even higher.In dynamic methods,flow velocity and particle size are proved to be less influential.The adsorption isotherm keeps good agreement with Freundlich isothermal adsorption model.Pseudo-second-order model was used to describe the process of adsorption,which is mainly chemical adsorption.Micro ceramic materials has an adsorption rate of more than 90% on uranium in simulated radioactive wastewater,it also adsorbs strontium and cesium.

关 键 词：微陶材料 铀 吸附性能 放射性废水 

分 类 号：TL941.1[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]