材料三维残余应力测量的新方法  

A new method for measuring the three-dimensional residual stress of materials

作　　者：陈锟 刘克家 吴新猛 陈惠芬 刘琦 CHEN Kun LIU Ke-jia WU Xin-meng CHEN Hui-fen LIU Qi(School of Materials Science ＆ Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China)

机构地区：[1]上海应用技术大学材料科学与工程学院,上海201418

出　　处：《塑性工程学报》2017年第5期194-199,共6页Journal of Plasticity Engineering

基　　金：上海应用技术大学协同创新基金(39120K168005);上海市大学生科技创新项目(DCX2016057)

摘　　要：提出了一种新的材料残余应力的测量方法。该方法的测量原理是由材料加工后相对体积变化定量的测量,得到其残余应力的定量结果。由此,材料的残余应力将造成体积变化,此体积变化可以由比容的精确测量得到。基于弹性虎克定律从原理上推导了体积变化得出了残余应力的计算公式。在此基础上,应用该新方法对一种Al-Cu合金的残余应力状态进行了定量测量及表征,结果表明:结合传统的表面应力测量方法,再由应力应变关系的弹性虎克定律,可得出材料三维残余应力。该新方法可用于材料三维残余应力的精确测量,为残余应力的研究提供了一种新的精确且定量的分析测量方法。A new method for measuring three-dimensional residual stress in the materials was proposed. According to measuring principle of the proposed method,the quantitative results of residual stress can be obtained by the quantitative measurement of the relative volume variation of materials after processing. Thus,the volume variation was caused by residual stress,which can be obtained by accurate measuring the specific volume. The equation describing residual stress obtained by the volume variation was derived in principle based on the Hook＇s law. On this basis,the new method was used to quantitatively measure and characterize the residual stress state in Al-Cu alloy. It is shown that,combining with the traditional method for measuring the surface residual stress,the three-dimensional residual stress in the materials can be obtained from the Hook＇s law. Therefore,this new method can be applied to accurately measure the three-dimensional residual stress in the materials,which provides a new analysis and measure method of the residual stress.

关 键 词：残余应力 比容测量 弹性力学 虎克定律 表面应力测量 

分 类 号：TG306[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]