加气站长管拖车爆破片异常起爆事故分析及对策  

Analysis and Countermeasures of Accidents of Abnormal Discharge of Rupture Disks on Long Tube Trailer of Gas Station

作　　者：周日峰[1] 张健中[1] 喻健良[2] Zhou Rifeng Zhang Jianzhong Yu Jianliang(State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering, Shandong, Qingdao, 266071 Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning, Dalian, 116024)

机构地区：[1]中国石化青岛安全工程研究院化学品安全控制国家重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]大连理工大学,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《安全、健康和环境》2017年第9期5-9,共5页Safety Health & Environment

摘　　要：爆破片与易熔塞组合装置是加气站长管拖车气瓶的主要超压安全泄放装置。为减少爆破片异常起爆事故的发生,采用HAZOP分析方法对事故发生的原因、后果及已有保护措施成效等进行了分析。通过长管拖车回油过程爆破片处管路堵塞模拟实验,发现未造成明显水锤,排除了长管拖车回油过程爆破片处管路堵塞造成爆破片异常起爆的原因。通过对爆破片组合装置进行疲劳性能测试,得到正拱形爆破片与较长的易熔塞组合装置具有较稳定的爆破压力和抗疲劳特性。采用LOPA保护层分析模型,结合加气子站长管拖车现场运行工况,提出了爆破片优化设计、单层泄漏报警、人员积极响应等防护对策,能够有效减少爆破片异常起爆事故带来的损失。The combined structures of rupture disks and fusible alloys are leading safety accessories of over-pressure discharge on long tube trailers. In order to avoid accidents of abnormal discharge of rupture disks on tubes,the method of HAZOP（ Hazard and Operability Study） was used to analyze the causes,consequences and the effect of some running serving safeguards. The simulation experiment of pipe blocking where rupture disks are installed in the oil returning process were conducted,and the factor of water hammer for the abnormal discharge of rupture disks were eliminated. The fatigue property of the combined structures of rupture disks and fusible alloys under pressure up and pressure down conditions which are simulation to the real operation conditions was tested by experiments,and the combined structures of conventional domed rupture disks and long size fusible alloys were proved to have more stable compression-resistant behaviors and anti-fatigue property. For addition,the method of LOPA（ Layer of Protection Analysis） was used to study the countermeasures of accidents on the operating conditions of fieldwork of gas station. Some helpful measures were bring forward,such as optimizing of the combined structure of rupture disk and fusible alloy,detection alarm of leak of the first layer,the timely response of fieldwork workers,and so forth. The measures could effectively decrease the damage of accidents of abnormal discharge of rupture disks on tubes.

关 键 词：长管拖车 爆破片 易熔合金塞 HAZOP LOPA 

分 类 号：TE88[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]