施肥插秧一体化技术对水稻产量及氮素流失的影响  

Effects of Fertilization and Transplanting Integrated Technology on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Loss

作　　者：谷学佳[1] 王玉峰[1] 张磊[1] 王开军[2] 刘志发[2] 陈磊[2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部东北平原农业环境重点实验室/黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室/黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]方正县农业技术推广中心,黑龙江方正150800

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2017年第8期12-17,共6页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项资助项目(2014ZX07201-009);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项资助项目(2015ZX07103-007);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFD0800505);哈尔滨市科技创新人才专项资金资助项目(2014RFXYJ007);(2014RFQYJ029);黑龙江省农业科学院院级课题资助项目(QN028)

摘　　要：为了明确施肥插秧一体化技术对在水稻上的应用效果和环境效益,研究了施肥插秧一体化技术采用缓释肥氮肥减量15%、30%、50%,以及采用普通肥料基肥一体化+追肥的施肥模式对水稻产量、地表径流氮素浓度、氮素流失量及流失率的影响。结果表明:采用施肥插秧一体化技术能够实现水稻增产,施用缓释肥减量15%的情况下水稻增产6.27%,减量30%的情况下水稻增产4.04%,采用普通肥料基肥一体化+追肥施肥模式在氮肥减量15%的情况下水稻增产3.87%。采用施肥插秧一体化技术能够有效降低水稻地表径流中氮素的浓度,常规施肥方式总氮浓度最高达到13.12mg·L^(-1),采用施肥插秧一体化技术的各个处理最高仅为2.38mg·L^(-1)。采用施肥插秧一体化技术能够显著降低氮素流失量和流失率。常规施肥方式全生育期总氮流失量达到15.47kg·hm^(-2),流失率为9.38%;采用施肥插秧一体化技术的各个处理全生育期总氮流失量平均仅为3.35kg·hm^(-2),流失率为2.85%。采用施肥插秧一体化技术能够减少氮肥施用量,增加产量,减少氮素流失。因此,水稻施肥插秧一体化技术是一项资源节约型、环境友好型的水稻种植技术。In order to clarify the environmental benefits and effects of fertilization and transplanting integrated technology on rice,the effects of fertilization and transplanting integrated technology on rice yield,nitrogen concentration,nitrogen loss quantities and loss rate in surface runoff were studied by using slow-release fertilizer with 15%,30%,50% reduction of nitrogen,and the base fertilizer-transplanting integration + top application mode.The results showed that the integrated technology could achieve higher rice yield.Rice yield with the application of slow-release fertilizer was increased by 6.27% under the condition of 15% nitrogen reduction,by4.04% under the condition of 30% reduction of nitrogen.Rice yield was increased by 3.87% when the base fertilizer-transplanting integration +top application mode was used under the condition of 15% nitrogen reduction.The fertilization and transplanting integrated technology could effectively reduce the concentration of N in surface runoff.Total nitrogen concentration of conventional fertilization treatment was up to 13.12 mg·L^(-1),the treatments of integrated technology reached 2.38 mg·L^(-1) only.The application of integrated fertilization and transplanting technologycould significantly reduce the loss amount and rate of nitrogen.The total nitrogen loss of conventional fertilization treatmentduring the whole growth period reached 15.47 kg·hm^(-2),the loss rate was 9.38%;total nitrogen loss of integrated technology treatments was only 3.35 kg·hm^(-2) on average with the loss rate of 2.85%.The application of fertilization and transplanting integrated technology could reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer,increase the rice yield and reduce the nitrogen loss.Therefore,the fertilization and transplanting integrated technology is a resource-saving and environment-friendly planting technology on rice.

关 键 词：施肥插秧一体化 水稻 产量 氮素流失 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]