国家监察体制改革要注重对监察权性质的研究  

The Reform of State Supervision System Should Pay Attention to the Study on the Nature of Supervision Power

作　　者：莫纪宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《中州学刊》2017年第10期43-51,共9页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

摘　　要：监察委员会与党的纪律检查机关合署办公,共同实现反腐败的制度目标,由此必然产生二者共同行使监察权的问题。从政治宪法学的角度,可以把中国特色监察权分为两部分:一部分是由党的执政权延伸出来的政治权力性质的监察权,这种监察权的正当性来自于党管干部原则;另一部分是需要借助于国家权力体系运行的国家监察权,这种监察权需要纳入由宪法和法律所确立的国家权力运行体系以及法律监督权的运行秩序中。基于监察权的性质和功能,当前国家监察体制改革中成立的监察委员会在组织领导体制上虽然由同级人大选举产生、对同级人大负责,但在具体运行机制上不需要向同级人大报告工作,而应向上级监察机构报告工作。监察委员会并没有改变国家权力体系中法律监督权的结构,而是通过抓住党员干部及在国家机关中行使公权力的公职人员的廉政建设这条主线来进一步强化国家权力体系中各国家机关对其工作人员的人事监督权,从而构成反腐败制度体系,进一步提升反腐败机制的运行效率。国家监察体制改革中创制的中国特色监察权不仅可以进一步巩固党的执政权,而且可以进一步优化国家权力体系中法律监督权的运行效果,形成反腐败工作的新格局。In order to achieve joint anti-corruption,the State Supervision Commission works together with the Party＇s Disciplinary Inspection Commission,which will inevitably produce the issue of co-operating power to supervision.From the perspective of political constitutional sciences,we divide the right of supervision with Chinese characteristics into two parts：one is the right of supervision of political power extended from the party＇s ruling power,and its legitimacy comes from the principle of the Party assuming the responsibility for cardres＇ affairs;the other is the state supervision power divided from the state system which needs to be incorporated into the state power system in the framework of the Constitution and the law and the running order established by the legal supervision system.Based on the nature and function of the power to supervision,the State Supervision Commission established in the process of the current reform of state supervision system is elected by the People＇s Congress at the same level and is responsible for the People＇s Congress at the same level.Due to the specific operation mechanism,the State Supervision Commission does not need to report the work to the People＇s Congress at the same level,but it should report to the higher supervisory authority.The State Supervision Commission has not changed the structure of legal supervision powers in the current state power system,but has further strengthened the state organs in the state power system by supervising the cadres as party members and public officials＇ exercise of public power in state organs.The personnel supervision,thus,constitutes an anti-corruption system to further enhance the efficiency of anti-corruption operation mechanism.The power to supervision with Chinese characteristics created in the reform of state supervision system cannot only further consolidate the ruling power of the party,but also can further enhance the running effect of the legal supervision power in the state power system and form a new pattern of

关 键 词：国家监察体制改革 监察委员会 监察权 监察监督 国家权力体系 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]