哈尔滨市2010—2015年学校传染病突发公共卫生事件流行病学分析  

Analysis of Epidemic Characteristics of Public Health Emergencies of Infectious Diseases in Schools in Harbin City from 2010 to 2015

作　　者：江珊[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院医德医风办公室,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《中国社会医学杂志》2017年第5期524-527,共4页Chinese Journal of Social Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨哈尔滨市学校传染病突发公共卫生事件发生情况及流行特征,为学校传染病突发公共卫生事件的防治工作提供有价值的参考依据。方法收集哈尔滨市所有学校2010—2015年传染病突发公共卫生事件相关数据,运用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2010—2015年哈尔滨市各类学校共报告传染病突发公共卫生事件128起,累及71 260人,发病1 836例,无死亡例,罹患率为2.58%。农村小学的报告事件数最多(32起),其罹患率(4.47%)显著高于城市学校的罹患率。2010—2015年学校传染病突发公共卫生事件总报告数呈现逐年下降趋势,3—6月和9—12月为发病的高峰月份,报告事件数占全年报告事件总数的45.9%和43.1%。病种以流行性腮腺炎(29起)、流行性感冒(28起)和肺结核(28起)为主,共占突发传染病事件的66.41%。结论呼吸道传染病是学校主要的传染病突发公共卫生事件,且多发生于春季和秋冬季,以农村小学居多,相关部门应有针对性地采取防控措施和对策。Objectives To analyze the characteristics of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools of Harbin City from 2010 to 2015,and to provide evidence for making preventive and control strategies.MethodsDescriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the characteristics of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools of Harbin City from 2010 to 2015.Results 128 emergency public health events with infectious disease were reported in Harbin City schools from 2010 to 2015,in which 71 260 cases were involved,with 1 836 morbidity and 0 death,leading to 2.58% of attack rate.The cases reported in rural primary school were the highest（32 cases）,and the attack rate was 4.47% which was higher than that of urban schools.Downtrend of infectious public health emergency reports was shown from 2010 to 2015 year by year.The peak of morbidity was during March to June and September to December,when the events reported accounting for 45.9%and 43.1% of the whole year respectively.The disease entities reported were mainly mumps（29 cases）,influenza（28 cases）,and tuberculosis（28 cases）,which together accounts for 66.41% of all public health emergency.Conclusions Respiratory infectious diseases which were primary infectious public health emergency in school mainly occurred in spring,autumn and winter,and in rural primary school.Hence,relevant departments should adopt targeted prevention and control measures and countermeasures.

关 键 词：学校 传染病 突发公共卫生事件 流行特征 

分 类 号：R181.22[医药卫生—流行病学]