镧系金属磺酸盐催化剂在CL-20合成中的应用  

Application of Lanthanide Sulfonate Catalysts in Synthesis of CL-20

作　　者：杨超飞 石磊[1] 谯娟[2] 钱华[1,3] 刘大斌 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094 [2]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065 [3]国家民用爆破器材质量监督检验中心,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2017年第5期19-23,共5页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.21406116);南京理工大学卓越计划"紫金之星"专项基金

摘　　要：针对N_2O_5/HNO_3硝化四乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TAIW)合成六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)反应时间长、收率低的缺点,以甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、2-萘磺酸及三氟甲磺酸的镧系金属盐为催化剂,通过N_2O_5/HNO_3硝化TAIW合成CL-20;研究了镧系金属磺酸盐种类和用量、反应时间、循环利用次数对CL-20收率和纯度的影响。结果表明,金属钐的磺酸盐具有较好的催化性能,其中对甲苯磺酸钐(Sm(Tos)3)催化性能最优;当反应温度为65~75℃,反应时间为4h,投料比m(Sm(Tos)3)∶m(TAIW)∶m(N_2O_5)∶V(HNO_3)=0.3g∶3g∶4g∶15mL时,CL-20收率为95.2%,纯度为98.6%;重复使用5次后,催化性能无明显降低。Aiming at the drawbacks of long reaction time and low yield during N_2O_5/HNO_3 nitrifying tetraacetylhexaazaisowurtziane（TAIW）to hexanitro-hexaazaisowurtzitane（CL-20）,CL-20 was synthesized via nitration of TAIW with N2O5/HNO3,taking five kinds of lanthanide sulfonates including methanesulfonates,benzenesulfonates,p-toluenesulfonates,2-naphthalenesulfonates and trifluoromethanesulfonates as catalysts.The effects of lanthanide sulfonate species,dosage,reaction time and recycle times on the yield and purity of CL-20 were studied.Results show that samarium sulfonates are found to be the most effective catalyst among the catalysts investigated and the Sm（Tos）3 shows the best catalytic activity.When the reaction temperature is 65-75℃,the reaction time is 4 h,and the ratio of materials is m（Sm（Tos）3）∶m（TAIW）∶m（N_2O_5）∶V（HNO_3）=0.3 g∶3 g∶4 g∶15 mL,the yield and purity of CL-20 are 95.2% and 98.6%,respectively.After reused five times,the catalytic perfomance of this catalyst is not obviously reduced.

关 键 词：六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷 CL-20 N2O5 四乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷 TAIW 镧系金属磺酸盐 硝化反应 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TQ564[化学工程—炸药化工]