李克特式量表语义差异对科学测量的影响  

The Effect of Semantic Difference of Likert-type Questionaires on Scientific Measurements

作　　者：韩广华[1] 樊博[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院,上海200030

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2017年第20期1-6,共6页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71501128;71371122;71632008);国家哲学社会科学基金重大研究项目(14ZDB152);上海交通大学文理交叉基金项目(15JCZY05)

摘　　要：李克特式量表可以定量地对指标进行评价,常常被用在包括区域科技创新环境在内的各种排名与其它统计分析中。李克特式量表在应用时首先设置不同选项(等级),要求受访者从中选择比较符合要求的一项,最后通过调查者赋予不同等级的选项以不同分值,进一步定量地计算所有受访者对该项测量指标的总体评价。然而,在李克特式量表中,问卷设计者主观赋予的不同等级分值与受访者认为的赋值可能存在一定的语义差异,从而导致测量结果在有些情况下不能充分反映受访者的真实态度,进而影响统计分析结果的可靠性。首先对语义差异进行了论述,然后通过李克特量表对区域科技创新环境排名的具体应用中语义差异导致的有效性问题进行了算例分析。此后,采用数值分析和数理推理方法,分析了确保调查结果可靠性的语义差异范围,并且给出了降低语义差异对李克特式量表排名影响的等级分值赋值方法。最后,通过一个实例分析了所探讨的问题并演练了相应理论结论的应用过程。Likert-type questionaires quantify the interviewees＇ opinions and are often employed in many applications,including regional ranking of technological innovation environment.Some options are provided in the items of Likert-type of questionaires and the interviewees are asked to select one option from the displayed ones.Each option indicates different scales,based on which the total scores of all interviewees are calculated.However,the interview is mandaterly to select one choice from the displayed options and the scale of the selected option is provided by the invesgator,where the provided scale might not equal to the interviewee＇s opinion.The difference is named by semantic difference.Since the semantic bias on scores that provided by the interviewee and invesgator,the scientific measurements based on the data collected by Likert-type questionaires may leads to unrobust conclusions.After giving a normal defination of semantic difference,the paper suggest an application of Likert-type questionaires in regional ranking of technological innovation to illustrate the affections of the semantic differnece.Moreover,the mathematical and numberical analyses are employed to analyze how much semantic difference is torerated for a robust result of ranking and some suggestions to reduce semantic difference are also given in the end of the study.An numerical study is provided to present the theorical findings of the study and show the calculating process that suggested in the paper.

关 键 词：李克特式量表 语义差异 科学测量 

分 类 号：G304[文化科学]