全国9地区7～12岁学龄儿童智力状况及其影响因素研究  

Intelligence quotient of children aged 7～12 years in nine areas and its influencing factors

作　　者：张秀珍 吕建利 何婷超 赵艾[2] 张玉梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]许昌市妇幼保健院,河南许昌461000 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100191

出　　处：《河南医学研究》2017年第16期2895-2899,共5页Henan Medical Research

摘　　要：目的了解全国7个城市2个农村学龄儿童智力水平及其影响因素,为促进和改善学龄儿童智力发育提供依据。方法以多阶段整群抽样方法选取814名7~12岁儿童,采用《韦氏儿童智力测试量表》(中国修订版)对其进行智力评估,由父母辅助填写一般情况调查问卷,数据统计采用单因素方差分析和多因素回归分析。结果学龄儿童平均智商为(99.9±15.3);男、女差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);苏州儿童智力评分最高,邢台山区最低;超常、优秀、中上、中等、中下、边缘状态、智力缺陷的比例分别为0.3%、7.6%、19.3%、52.2%、11.9%、6.3%、2.5%;多因素回归分析显示学龄儿童智力与儿童年龄、父母文化程度、家庭月平均收入等因素相关。结论学龄儿童智商受早期教育、父母文化程度、家庭经济状况等环境因素影响,为提高学龄儿童智商,有必要提高父母文化程度,加强儿童早期教育和营养供给。Objective To explore the intelligence quotient of school-aged children and its influencing factors in 7 cities and2 rural areas and provide foundation for the promotion and improvement of their intelligence development. Methods By using of multiple stages stratified cluster sampling,814 children were enrolled in and the socio-economics information was collected from their parents or caregivers with face-to-face interview. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised in China was employed to evaluate intelligence quotient of children,and One-Way ANOVA/T-test as well as multivariate regression analysis were performed to explore the influencing factors of children's intelligence. Results The mean intelligence quotient was( 99. 9±15. 3),and there was no significant difference between boys and girls( P>0. 05). The intelligence quotient of children in Suzhou was the highest while Xingtai mountain area was the lowest. The percentages of super excellent,excellent,above the average,average,under the average,boundary situation,intellectual deficiency were 0. 3%,7. 6%,19. 3%,52. 2%,11. 9%,6. 3%,2. 5%,respectively. Multivariate regression analysis manifested that children's age,parents' education,and family's percapita income were associated with children's intelligence quotient. Conclusion The intelligence quotient of school-aged children is associated with early childhood education,parents' educational level,and family economy status,so that it is necessary to improve parents' educational level and strengthen early education and nutrition supply of children.

关 键 词：学龄儿童 智商 韦氏智力测试量表 影响因素 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]