油菜钵体苗移栽栽植孔成型机设计与试验  

Design and Test of Transplanting Hole-forming Machine for Rapeseed Potted Seedlings

作　　者：向伟[1,2] 吴明亮 官春云[2,3] 贺一鸣 罗海峰 颜波[1,2] XIANG Wei WU Mingliang GUAN Chunyun HE Yiming LUO Haifeng YAN Bo(College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha 410128, China College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学工学院,长沙410128 [2]南方粮油作物协同创新中心,长沙410128 [3]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2017年第10期40-48,58,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：湖南省政府重大专项(湘府阅[2014]35号);湖南省科技厅重点项目(2016NK2105);湖南省科技厅平台建设项目(湘财教指[2014]10号);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX2016B286)

摘　　要：为实现打穴式移栽机高效成型满足农艺要求栽植孔,基于打孔移栽作业的工作特点,融合油菜移栽农艺要求,设计了一种纯滚动式油菜移栽栽植孔成型机。通过分析纯滚动机构运动机理,研究成孔机构的运动参数方程,建立成型栽植孔的参数方程。采用Matlab软件生成栽植孔理论轮廓线,并生成成型栽植孔的外形图,运用CATIA软件进行仿真分析得出成型栽植孔的轮廓曲线图,并将上述图形进行拟合模拟,验证了成孔机构结构参数与运动参数的合理性。试制样机,进行田间试验,试验结果表明:机具以慢2挡工作状态下前进速度为1.80~1.96 km/h,作业效率达到0.306~0.333 hm^2/h,在黏土、壤土和砂土3种土壤中试验,其成孔的平均合格率分别达到了94.4%、93.3%、90.4%,表明研制的成孔机能成型满足设计要求的栽植孔。In order to design a new rapeseed transplanting machine, a pure rolfing-type transplanting hole-forming machine for rapeseed was developed in accordance with agricultural requirements for rapeseed transplanting and the features of transplanting hole formation. The motion mechanism of the pure rolling-type mechanism was analyzed to derive motion parametric equations for the hole-forming mechanism. Matlab was used to generate theoretical contour lines and outline drawings of the transplanting hole. CATIA was then used for simulation analysis to obtain the contour curve of the transplanting hole, and fitting as well as simulation were carried out to verify its structure and motion parameters. Based on different slip rates, Matlab was used to solve formed planting hole physical parameters, such as the longitudinally opening length, longitudinal length of planting hole at the depth of H and the upper lateral width. Subsequently, prototype triaD-production was carried out, followed by field testing. The experimental results obtained indicated that when the machine was in low gear, its forward speed was in the range of 1.80 - 1.96 km/h and field operation efficiency was in the range of 0. 306 0. 333 hm2/h. When tested in three types of soil, i. e. , clay, loamy and sandy soil, the average qualification rate of hole formation reached 94.4% , 93.3% and 90.4% , respectively. These results confirmed that the developed transplanting hole-forming machine satisfied design requirements, which was significant for the provision of technical support for the design of new transplanters.

关 键 词：油菜 移栽 栽植孔 成孔机构 

分 类 号：S223.92[农业科学—农业机械化工程]