APOBEC:From mutator to editor  

作　　者：Bei Yang Xiaosa Li Liqun Lei Jia Chen 

机构地区：[1]Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University [2]School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University

出　　处：《Journal of Genetics and Genomics》2017年第9期423-437,共15页遗传学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31600619 and 31600654);Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Nos. 16PJ1407000 and 16PJ1407500)

摘　　要：APOBECs（apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like） are a family of cytidine deaminases that prefer single-stranded nucleic acids as substrates. Besides their physiological functions,APOBEC family members have been found to cause hypermutations of cancer genomes, which could be correlated with cancer development and poor prognosis. Recently, APOBEC family members have been combined with the versatile CRISPR/Cas9 system to perform targeted base editing or induce hypermutagenesis. This combination improved the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing at single-base precision, greatly enhancing its usefulness. Here, we review the physiological functions and structural characteristics of APOBEC family members and their roles as endogenous mutators that contribute to hypermutations during carcinogenesis. We also review the various iterations of the APOBEC-CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing tools, pointing out their features and limitations as well as the possibilities for future developments.APOBECs（apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like） are a family of cytidine deaminases that prefer single-stranded nucleic acids as substrates. Besides their physiological functions,APOBEC family members have been found to cause hypermutations of cancer genomes, which could be correlated with cancer development and poor prognosis. Recently, APOBEC family members have been combined with the versatile CRISPR/Cas9 system to perform targeted base editing or induce hypermutagenesis. This combination improved the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing at single-base precision, greatly enhancing its usefulness. Here, we review the physiological functions and structural characteristics of APOBEC family members and their roles as endogenous mutators that contribute to hypermutations during carcinogenesis. We also review the various iterations of the APOBEC-CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing tools, pointing out their features and limitations as well as the possibilities for future developments.

关 键 词：Base editor Base editing APOBEC CRISPR/Cas9 Mutagenesis 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]