岷江上游土壤侵蚀敏感性评价  

Assessment of soil erosion sensitivity in the upper reaches of Minjiang River

作　　者：龚雪梅[1] 冯文兰[1] 郑杰[1] 黄宇倩[1] 王凤杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学资源环境学院,成都610225

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2017年第9期68-74,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41301653)资助

摘　　要：岷江上游属于我国西南山区典型的脆弱生态系统,土壤侵蚀敏感性评价对保护山区生态环境和维护生态安全具有重要意义。利用GIS和RS技术,采用通用土壤侵蚀方程(RUSLE)计算土壤侵蚀敏感性综合指数,综合评价和分析了1995、2000、2005、2010、2014年岷江上游土壤侵蚀敏感性,并分析了汶川地震和人类干扰对土壤侵蚀敏感性的动态影响。结果表明:1)岷江上游土壤侵蚀敏感性以轻度敏感和中度敏感为主,高度敏感和极敏感区域主要分布于岷江上游的干旱河谷区和高山裸土区。1995-2014年土壤侵蚀敏感性整体上较稳定,变异系数平均值为0.05,但土壤侵蚀敏感性综合指数总体呈下降趋势;2)汶川地震使地震烈度较高区域的土壤侵蚀敏感性增强,到2014年,较高敏感性等级的面积变化比例减小,生态恢复明显;3)由人为干扰引起的土地利用变化使土壤侵蚀敏感性增强,环保工程引起的土地利用变化使敏感性降低。The upper reaches of Minjiang River belong to a typical fragile ecosystem in southwestern mountainous areas of China. The assessment of soil erosion sensitivity could provide scientific basis for the protection of the ecological environment and the maintenance of ecological security in the mountains. The combination method of GIS, RS and RUSLE was used to calculate the sensitivity index of soil erosion in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014, and the dynamic effects of the human disturbance and Wenchuan Earthquake on the soil erosion sensitivity were analyzed. The results showed that： （ 1 ） soil erosion sensitivity of the upper reaches of Mingjiang River was mainly dominated by slightly sensitive and moderately sensitive, while some highly sensitive and extremely sensi- tive areas mainly distributed in the arid valley area and mountain bare soil area of the upper reaches of Minjiang River. From 1995 to 2004, the soil erosion sensitive was relatively stable as a whole and the mean coefficient of variation was 0.05, but the comprehensive index of the soil erosion sensitivity displayed a general downward trend. （2） Wenchuan earthquake enhanced the sensitivity of soil erosion in places where the seismic intensity was relatively high. By 2014, area proportion of the highly sensitive areas reduced and the ecological restoration was obvious. （3）The land use changes caused by the human disturbance could enhance the soil erosion sensitiv- ity, while those caused by environmental protection engineering reduced the sensitivity.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 敏感性 RUSLE 土地利用 岷江上游 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]