中国女性就业与生育困境的再思考——从女性主体地位出发  

Reconsideration of the Plight of Women's Employment and Childbearing in China——From the Status of Women's Subjectivity

作　　者：张霞[1] Zhang Xia(School of Economics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, Hubei 43007)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学经济学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《改革与战略》2017年第10期48-52,共5页Reformation & Strategy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目<我国生育政策调整对女性经济权益的影响研究>(项目编号:16BJL114)

摘　　要：文章首先对女性就业与其主体地位进行了分析,发现中国女性就业呈现规模大、经济贡献突出、性别歧视严重等特征。其次,梳理了不同生育政策中女性的不同际遇,尽管我国生育政策能够适时调整,但极少从女性生育主体视角进行考量。再次,探讨了女性就业与生育行为之间的关系,发现生育行为会造成职业性别歧视、降低劳动市场参与率、减少工资收入、引起职业中断等,而女性就业在提高女性主体地位的同时会增加生育的机会成本。最后,在现有解决之策的基础上提出了新的补充,认为破解女性就业与生育困境不仅需要已有的补偿生育代价、进行就业政策服务等措施,更要重视并发挥女性的主体地位,建立家庭领域的平权意识,推进社会性别的主流化。The paper firstly analyzes the female employment and its dominant position, and finds that Chinese women＇s employment presents such characteristics as large scale, outstanding economic contribution and serious gender discrimination. Second, we have combed the different opportunities for women in different fertility policies. Female, as the important fertility subject, is seldom considered, although birth policies can be adjusted in time. Third, the relationship between female employment and fertility will be explored, and we find that fertility behavior will cause gender discrimination, reduce the occupation rate and the wage income; cause the career break, the female employment will improve women status while increasing the opportunity cost of fertility. Finally, some new additions to the existing solutions will be put forward. In order to break the difficulty between the female employment and fertility, we need not only the measures, such as the compensation for childbearing costs, the employment services, but also should pay attention to the women＇s dominant position, for instance, exerting the status of women＇s subjectivity, establishing a sense of equal rights in the field of family, and promoting gender mainstreaming.

关 键 词：女性就业 生育行为 女性主体地位 政策建议 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]