铁路货运预收运费与实际运输成本一致性问题研究  

Study on the Consistency between the Pre-charge and Actual Cost of Railway Freight Transport

作　　者：高小珣[1] 郭晓黎[1] GAO Xiao-xun GUO Xiao-li(Transportation ＆ Economics Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院运输及经济研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《铁道货运》2017年第10期10-14,共5页Railway Freight Transport

基　　金：中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划课题(2014X009-K)

摘　　要：随着铁路货运向现代物流转型发展,铁路运输企业的货运运价机制与水平、运输成本,以及企业间的内部清算等相互之间的关联性,对铁路货运运营效益产生重要影响。在铁路货运采用政府指导价管理模式和替代竞争定价方式下,受车流径路与计费径路不一致情况的影响,导致铁路货运收入与成本之间的不匹配。以清算单价替代实际成本,构建车流径路与计费径路对比测算模型,分析铁路预收运费与实际运输成本不一致问题,并提出构建反映运输成本差异化的补偿标准形成机制、促进形成合理的铁路货运计费模式等相应研究建议。As railway freight transport is transforming into modern logistics system, the interrelationship among freight tariff mechanism and level, cost and the internal settling among the enterprises place a key impact on the benefit of freight business. Now the railway freight fare policy applies the government referential price mechanism and alternative competitive price, therefore, the inconsistency of train route and pricing route may cause the mismatch between the revenue and cost of freight transport. The mismatch issues between pre-charge and actual cost are analyzed by replacing the actual cost with unit price or clearing, and building a calculation model for the comparison between train route and pricing route. Then the paper gives suggestions on establishing a subsidy standard system reflecting the transport cost differences and the reasonable tariff model for railway freight transport.

关 键 词：铁路货运 运输成本 政府指导价 成本补偿 计费径路 车流径路 

分 类 号：F532.5[经济管理—产业经济]