英语语音评测的现状与思考——一项对标准化口试评分员的调查  

Reflections on the Current Situation of Phonological Assessment:A Survey among Raters of Standardized Oral Tests in China

作　　者：陈桦 李景娜 

机构地区：[1]南京大学大学外语部,江苏南京210023 [2]南京大学外国语学院,江苏南京210023 [3]中国海洋大学外国语学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2017年第5期81-87,131,共8页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"基于语音库的中国学生英语自动评测系统的开发与研究"(项目编号:12BYY053)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文以国内106名英语标准化口试评分员为调查对象,从语音评分标准、评分维度、评分方式及任务类型四个方面对他们在"整体评分"中的观点及实操进行了调查。研究显示,尽管"语音能力"是评分标准中的重要成分,但整体评分方式中多数评分员对语音语调的理解一致性弱,且在评分实操时仅考虑音段因素,甚至完全忽略整个语音层面的表现;评分员对评分维度的理解存在着明显的个体差异;调查中,评分员倾向于选择"整体评分"作为评分方式;评分员认可话题对话和朗读等形式作为评测的任务类型。上述发现反映出英语语音维度虽有评分标准的形式但无实操的落实。因此我国标准化考试中有必要细化相关评分标准,强化对口试评分员的语音知识培训,确保客观评价考生的语音能力。This study investigates the opinions and the actual assessment concerning the holistic scoring in terms of definition of pronunciation and intonation,rating dimensions,scoring methods and task types among 106 raters of standardized oral tests in China.Some major findings are:(1)although phonological proficiency is an important component of assessment criteria in holistic scoring,the raters do not have a consistent interpretation of assessment criteria and thus mainly take segmental features into consideration or even ignore all the phonological factors in the actual assessment;(2)there is significant rater-variability concerning interpretation of rating dimensions;(3)raters tend to choose the holistic scoring method;and(4)raters approve of topic-based dialogue and reading-aloud as the suitable task types in the assessment.These findings show that phonological assessment is not actually carried out though it has been w ritten into the assessment criteria of English oral tests.Therefore,in order to ensure the objectivity of the evaluation of examinees'phonological proficiency,it is of much necessity to refine the phonological assessment criteria in the standardized oral tests in China and intensify the training of phonological know ledge among test raters.

关 键 词：英语语音评测 评分标准 评测维度 评分方式 任务类型 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]