布劳格小麦育种模式反思与节水专用型品种选育探讨  

Reconsidering of Blaug's Wheat Breeding Pattern and Discussion on Cultivar Breed of Water-saving Special

作　　者：张俊儒[1] 张磊[2] 刘忠元[1] 樊军会 陈学君 闵清水 张家旺 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省古浪县种子服务站,甘肃武威733100 [4]张掖市博丰农业科技有限责任公司,甘肃张掖734000 [5]金昌新垦种养殖农民专业合作社,甘肃金昌737100 [6]甘肃省榆中县定远乡政府,甘肃榆中730102

出　　处：《甘肃农业科技》2017年第10期63-67,共5页Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31670401);甘肃省农业生物技术项目(GNSW-2016-16)

摘　　要：针对甘肃内陆河灌区农业水资源日益减少、环境干旱、干热风频发及目前主栽小麦品种在限额灌溉条件下减产的问题,探讨了调整春小麦新品种选育思路和实现小麦生产协调持续发展的可能性。分析发现,仿布劳格小麦育种模式选育的一些主栽春小麦品种在甘肃内陆河灌区栽培面积最大,在高水肥投入条件下可获得高产,但在减额灌溉后,籽粒产量大幅下降。通过适度"升秆(提升生物量)"选育的"陇春34号"等高秆、中高秆类型新品种(系),在减额灌溉条件下可以不减产或显著增产。在此基础上,提出了适应甘肃内陆河灌区主动减额灌溉,节水专用型春小麦新品种选育目标设计与立论思维,并对节水专用型小麦的育种实践和应用前景进行了展望。The grain yield of main wheat cultivars is reduced under limited irrigation condition in continental river irrigation areas in Gansu Province,which was accompanied with reducing agriculture water resources,frequent event of soil drought stress and dry hot wind. The new wheat breeding pattern and sustainability of wheat production are discussed in this study. The main wheat cultivars,which selected as Borlaug’s wheat breeding pattern,is popular incontinental river irrigation areas. The grain yield is high under under sufficient irrigation condition,but reduced at limited irrigation condition. However,the grain yield a series of newly-selected wheat cultivars with high plant height,such as cultivar Longchun 34,is unaffected or increased at limited irrigation condition.Therefore,we conclude the methods of saving water special-purpose cultivars selective breeding adopted the limited irrigation condition.The breeding practice and planting application of saving water special-purpose wheat cultivars are discussed in the future.

关 键 词：小麦育种 布劳格模式 节水专用型品种 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]