长期玉米秸秆还田模式下氮肥用量对玉米生长发育及土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Maize Growth and Soil Nutrients under Mode of Long-Term Maize Straw Returning

作　　者：宋朝玉[1] 宫明波[1] 高倩 王圣健[1] 朱丕生[1] 高峻岭[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛市农业科学研究院,山东青岛266100 [2]青岛市农业委员会,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2017年第10期55-59,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题"小麦-玉米周年水肥资源高效利用与耕作技术研究"(2017YFD031002);山东省现代农业产业体系建设经费资助项目"山东省现代农业玉米产业体系综合试验站"(SDAIT-01-022-13);山东省农业科学院院地合作项目(2015YDHZ09)

摘　　要：采取两因素裂区设计,研究了长期玉米秸秆还田、不还田两种模式下氮肥用量对玉米生长发育、产量建成、土壤养分的影响。结果表明,长期玉米秸秆还田后,土壤有机质、速效钾含量明显提高,速效磷变化较小,株高、茎粗、穗位叶宽、穗长和子粒产量、淀粉含量增加,子粒粗蛋白含量降低。在玉米小口期、大口期,秸秆还田处理的地上部干重明显高于秸秆不还田处理。在长期玉米秸秆还田模式下,推荐夏玉米施氮量为207.3 kg/hm2,较秸秆不还田模式增加施氮量17.4 kg/hm2,可以增加子粒产量398.5 kg/hm2。Adopting two factors split plot design,under the modes of long-term maize straw returning（ SR） and no straw returning（ NSR）,the effects of nitrogen application rate on maize growth and yield formation,soil nutrients were studied. The results showed that under the mode of SR,the soil organic matter and rapidly-available potassium content obviously increased,the rapidly-available phosphorus changed small,the plant height,stem diameter,ear leaf width,ear length and grain yield and starch content increased,the grain protein content decreased. At the small bellbottom stage and huge bellbottom stage,the dry weight under the SR treatment was higher than that of NSR treatment. Under the mode of SR,the recommend nitrogen application rate of summer maize was 207. 3 kg/hm^2,which increased by 17. 4 kg/hm^2 than that of NSR treatment,and the grain yield increased by 398. 5 kg/hm^2.

关 键 词：玉米秸秆还田 氮肥 土壤养分 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S513.062[农业科学—农业基础科学]