微脉冲等离子体推力器放电过程和性能初探  

Elementary study on the discharge process and performance of micro-pulsed plasma thruster

作　　者：王尚民[1] 田立成[1] 张家良[2] 张天平[1] 冯玮玮[1] 陈新伟 高军[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]大连理工大学三束材料改性教育部重点实验室,大连116024

出　　处：《中国空间科学技术》2017年第5期24-32,共9页Chinese Space Science and Technology

基　　金：兰州空间技术物理研究所自主研发项目(YSC0727)

摘　　要：针对平板烧蚀型微脉冲等离子体推力器(μ-PPT),开展了放电过程研究和性能表征。根据放电过程的电学测量和等离子体区域的发光行为分析,研究了μ-PPT的基本放电特点和放电形态演变。从空间分布看,μ-PPT放电空间可分为3个区域(阴极区、弧柱区和阳极区),随着放电间隙的减少,阳极区逐渐消失。从时间分布看,μ-PPT放电是由多个幅度不同的脉冲放电构成,放电回路和放电间隙的阻抗分布决定放电脉冲的数量,一定条件下可以发生单脉冲放电。根据μ-PPT等离子体区的电流片模型,估算了μ-PPT元冲量和推力等基本性能参数。结果表明,放电间隙和烧蚀量对μ-PPT性能参数有重要的影响,相同脉冲放电能量时,放电间隙越大,元冲量越大,烧蚀量也越大,导致比冲越小。放电时空形态是影响μ-PPT的元冲量和比冲的关键因素,因此,开展放电回路和放电间隙的阻抗优化研究是提高μ-PPT性能的有效途径。The discharge process and performance characterization of a planar ablation micropulsed plasma thruster（μ-PPT） were investigated.Based on the electrical measurements ofthe discharge process and optical behavior of the plasma region, the basic discharge characteristics and the evolution of the discharge pattern ofμ-PPT were studied.From the spatial pattern,μ-PPT discharge gap can be divided into three regions（cathode region,arc column region and anode region）;with the discharge gap decreasing,the anode area gradually disappears.From the temporal behavior,μ-PPT is composed of several pulse discharges with different amplitude.The number of discharge pulses is determined by the impedance detail of the discharge circuit and discharge gap.Single pulse discharge can occur under suitable conditions.Based on the current sheet model of the μ-PPT plasma region, the basic performance parameters such as impulse-bit and specific impulse of μ-PPT were estimated.The results show that the discharge gap and ablation volume have an important effect on theμ-PPT performance parameters.With same discharge energy pulse,the larger the gap is,the larger the impulse-bit is,leading to larger ablation amount and smaller specific impulse.Discharge time-space morphology is the key factor that affects the impulse-bit and specific impulse ofμ-PPT.Therefore,it is an effective way to improve theμ-PPT performance by studying the optimization of discharge circuit and discharge gap impedance.

关 键 词：微脉冲等离子体推力器 电学特性 光学特性 性能预估 微电推进 

分 类 号：V439.2[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]