无偿献血认知问卷的编制与信效度评价  

Initial Development and Evaluation of Reliability and Validity of Cognition of Unpaid Blood Donation Questionnaire

作　　者：朱燕波[1] 鹿佳[1] 张笑梅[1] 史会梅[2] 虞晓含 

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学管理学院,北京市100029 [2]北京中医药大学基础医学院,北京市100029

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2017年第14期1718-1722,共5页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：科技部基础性工作专项(2013FY114400-5)

摘　　要：目的编制无偿献血认知问卷,评价其信效度。方法采用方便抽样法,于2015年7—11月对北京市红十字血液中心的献血小屋和采血车上的无偿献血者及陪同的非献血者、献血志愿者进行现场调查和网络调查。基于马斯洛需要层次理论,编制无偿献血认知问卷测试版;应用其对不同献血行为者施测,进行条目筛选;进一步对保留条目组成的问卷进行性能测评。结果共发放问卷749份,回收725份,有效662份,有效回收率为88.38%。编制形成21条目问卷,经条目分析删除7个条目,形成14条目无偿献血认知问卷。采用探索性因子分析提取3个公因子,共解释总变异的60.24%,根据包含条目进行命名,公因子1命名为"献血积极认知"(包含7个条目),公因子2命名为"献血消极认知"(包含5个条目),公因子3命名为"献血知识"(包含2个条目)。662例研究对象中献血0次者155例(23.41%),1~4次者292例(44.11%),5~9次者101例(15.26%),≥10次者114例(17.22%)。不同献血次数者献血积极认知、献血消极认知、献血知识评分以及总分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。问卷总体Cronbach'sα系数为0.872,献血积极认知、献血消极认知、献血知识维度的Cronbach'sα系数分别为0.850、0.765、0.924。结论无偿献血认知问卷编制科学规范,信效度良好,可作为无偿献血认知状况评价的工具。objective To develop the cognition of unpaid blood donation questionnaire and assess its reliability andvalidity. Methods From July to November 2015, unpaid blood donors and non - donors accompanied them, and voluntaryblood donors in the blood donation huts and blood collecting vehicles of Beijing Red Cross Blood Center were selected by convenient sampling method, and conducted with field investigation and internet survey. Based on Maslow＇ hierarchy of needs theory, the cognition of blood donation questionnaire （ beta version） was designed. The different behaviors of tested by the questionnaire, and the items were screened, and the performance of the questionnaire formed by reserved items was further evaluated. Results Atotal of 779 questionnaires were sent out,725 were collected, and 662 valid questionnaires were obtained. The effective response rate was 88. 38% . The questionnaire included 21 items. Seven items were d ie te d after itemanalysis, and the cognition of unpaid blood donation questionnaire of 14 items was finally made. Three common factors wereextracted by exploratory factor analysis, and 60. 24% of the total variation was explained. According to the content of each item, factor 1 was named ＂ positive cognition of blood donation＂ （including 7 items）, factor 2 named ’’ negative cognition of blood donation ＂ （ including 5 items）, factor 3 named ＂ knowledge of blood donation’＇ （ including 2 items ） . Among the 662 subjects, 155 （23. 41% ） had not donated blood,292 （44. 11% ） had a donation of 1 to 4 times,101 （15. 26% ） had a donation of 5 to9 times, 114 （17. 22% ） had a donation of 10 times or more. There were significant differences in the scores of positive cognof blood donation, negative cognition of blood donation and knowledge of blood donation, and total scores among blood donors ofdifferent donating times （P 〈0. 001） . The overall Cronbach＇s a coefficient was 0. 87

关 键 词：无偿献血 认知 问卷编制 信度 效度 

分 类 号：R19[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]