不同水氮处理对阿勒泰地区滴灌春小麦生长、产量及水氮利用的影响  

Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Treatments on the Growth,Yield,Water and Nitrogen Utilization of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation in Altay Area

作　　者：陈凯丽[1] 赵经华[1] 马英杰[1] 徐剑[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2017年第2期85-91,共7页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆水利科技项目(2013G05);新疆水利水电工程重点学科基金资助项目(XJZDXK-2002-10-05)

摘　　要：依据2016年在阿勒泰地区福海县进行的不同灌水定额(30.0、37.5、45.0、52.5、60.0 mm)和施氮水平(110、179、248kg/hm^2)的双因素小麦大田滴灌实验资料,分析了灌水量和施氮量对滴灌春小麦生长、产量及水氮利用的影响。结果表明,在拔节期至灌浆期,小麦灌水定额在45~60 mm有利于小麦株高增长和干物质积累,在灌浆期至成熟期灌水定额可减少至37.5mm。在一定施肥条件下,产量随着灌水定额的增加而呈先增加而后减小趋势,灌水定额超过52.5mm的小麦产量都相对减少。施氮量在179~248kg/hm^2有利于小麦株高增长、干物质积累和产量增加。在相同施氮水平下,小麦耗水量、水分利用效率、施氮生产效率随着灌水量的增加呈先增加而后减小的趋势。灌水定额大于45.0mm的处理,灌水量中有很大一部分水量是由于深层渗漏而损失。在此试验条件下,灌水定额为45.0mm和施氮量为179kg/hm^2水氮处理的小麦生长、产量、水分利用效率、施氮生产率都相对较高,是产量和效益兼优的最佳组合。Based on the field experiment data of wheat field under drip irrigation,the effects of different irrigation quota(30.0 mm,37.5 mm,45.0 mm,52.5 mm,60.0 mm)and nitrogen application rate(110 kg/hm^2,179 kg/hm^2,248 kg/hm^2)experimental treatment on the growth,yield,water and nitrogen utilization of spring wheat under drip irrigation were studied.Results showed that from the jointing stage to the filling stage,the irrigation quota of wheat was 45-60 mm,which was beneficial to the growth of wheat height and dry matter accumulation,and from the grain filling period to maturity stage,the irrigation quota could be reduced to 37.5 mm.Under the same level of nitrogen application,wheat yields were relatively reduced with irrigation quota of more than 52.5 mm.The amount of nitrogen applied at 179-248 kg/hm^2 was beneficial to plant height growth,dry matter accumulation and wheat yield.At the same level of nitrogen application,the water consumption,water use efficiency,and nitrogen production efficiency of wheat increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount.When irrigation quota was greater than 45.0 mm,a large part of the water quantity was lost due to deep percolation.Under this experimental condition,water nitrogen treatment(the irrigation quota was 45 mm and the nitrogen application amount was 179 kg/hm^2)of wheat growth,the yield,water use efficiency and nitrogen application rate were relatively high,which was the best combination of yield and benefit.

关 键 词：小麦 灌水定额 施氮量 产量 水分利用效率 施氮生产效率 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]