农药施用技术培训减少农药过量施用了吗?  

Can Technical Training Reduce Pesticide Overuse?

作　　者：李昊[1] 李世平[1] 南灵[1] Li Hao Li Shiping Nan Ling

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2017年第10期80-96,共17页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"基于社会规范和个人规范双重视角的农户亲环境行为的作用路径及提升机制研究"(项目编号:17BJY067)

摘　　要：本文基于山东、山西、陕西和甘肃四省2016年和2017年经济作物种植户微观调查数据,利用引入损失控制函数的Cobb-Douglas生产函数对水果、反季和顺季蔬菜种植户的农药过量施用水平进行测算,运用二项Logit模型估计农药施用技术培训对农药是否过量施用的影响,采用分位数回归和倾向得分匹配考察农药施用技术培训对农药过量施用户过量施用水平的影响和因果效应,并进一步分析农药施用技术培训效果在基本特征不同的种植户之间的差异。结果表明:经济作物种植户农药过量施用现象较为普遍;参加培训对种植户过量施用农药有显著的负向影响;培训效果也因种植户基本特征的不同而不同,培训的影响程度随农药过量施用户农药过量施用水平的升高而下降,在农药过量施用水平较低时,不同机构组织的培训和不同模式的培训均降低了种植户农药过量施用水平,其中村委会组织的培训和田间指导的培训效果较好。This article uses data collected from cash crop growers in Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces in 2016 and 2017 to calculate the level of pesticide overuse by fruit growers, anti-seasonal and seasonal vegetable growers. A C-D production function is employed to measure the level of pesticide overuse and a Logit model is used to estimate the training effects on pesticide overuse. The quantile regression and propensity score matching methods are used to check the training effects on pesticide overused growers. The effects are analyzed based on growers＇ different characteristics. The results show that pesticide overuse is common among growers. Technical trainings have a significant negative effect on pesticide overuse. Moreover, the training effects are different among growers based on their basic characteristics. The training effects decrease with the increase in the level of pesticide overuse of growers. In case of a low level of pesticide overuse, the trainings provided by different organizations in different forms can reduce the level of growers＇ pesticide overuse. Finally, the trainings organized by village committees and those in the form of field guidance appear to be more effective.

关 键 词：农药过量施用 农药施用技术培训 倾向得分匹配 经济作物种植户 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]