基于GIS的三峡库区湖北段土壤侵蚀潜在危险度评价  

GIS-based evaluation on potential hazard degree of soil erosion in Hubei Section of Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：蔡道明[1,2] 李柏 张平仓[1] 许文盛[1] 惠波[3] CAI Daoming LI Bai ZHANG Pingcang XU Wesheng HUI Bo(Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, Hubei, China China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China Suide Soil and Water Conservation Scientific Experimental Station, Water Conservancy Committee of Yellow River, Suide 718000, Shaanxi, China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院水土保持研究所,湖北武汉430010 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院泥沙研究所,北京100048 [3]黄河水利委员会绥德水土保持科学试验站,陕西绥德718000

出　　处：《水利水电技术》2017年第9期223-228,共6页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(51209014);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划)项目(KFJ-EW-STS-087)

摘　　要：以GIS为支撑,选取三峡库区湖北段为研究区,采用修正通用土壤流失方程与抗蚀年限法相结合的方法,计算和分级评价了研究区土壤侵蚀潜在危险度,并根据生成的土壤侵蚀潜在危险度分布图,探讨不同高程、坡度、土壤等侵蚀背景条件下的土壤侵蚀潜在危险度空间分布特点。结果显示,研究区土壤侵蚀潜在危险度以无险型和轻险型为主,占总面积的96.27%,主要分布在巴东南部、兴山北部和夷陵区东南部;危险型面积相对较小,主要分布于山丘中上部;极险型和毁坏型面积很小,零星分布在生态环境脆弱、土层薄、植被覆盖率低的荒岭坡地上。综合不同侵蚀背景分析表明,200~500 m高程带危险度最大,>35°坡度带侵蚀程度最严重,石灰土和紫色土地区土壤侵蚀危险度指数SEPDI值最高。Based on GIS, Hubei Section of Three Gorges Reservoir area is taken as the study area, and then the potential hazard degree of the soil erosion in the study area is calculated and gradedly evaluated herein with the combination of both the modified universal soil loss equation and the anti-erosion age-life method. Moreover, the spatial distribution characteristics of the potential hazard degree of the soil erosion under the background conditions of various elevations, slopes, soils, etc. is discussed in ac- cordance with the generated distribution graph of the potential hazard degree of the soil erosion therein. The result shows that the potential hazard degrees of the soil erosion in the study area are mainly the non-risk type and the slight risk type with the propor- tion of 96. 27% for the total area, which mainly distribute in the regions of the south of Badong County, the north of Xingshan County and the southeast of Yiling District. The areas of the hazard risk are relatively small and mainly distributed in the mid-up- per parts of hills. The areas of the quite hazard risk and disastrous risk are quite small and are mainly scattered over those uncul- tivated mountains and hillside lands with fragile eco-environment, thin soil layer and lower vegetation coverage. From the aspects of different erosion backgrounds, the hazard degree of the zone with the elevation of 200 m - 500 m is the maximum, the erosion degree at the slope of 〉 35°is the most serious, while the SEPD1 value of the hazard degree of the soil erosion is the highest for the regions of the calcareous soil and purplish soil.

关 键 词：GIS 土壤侵蚀 抗蚀年限 危险度评价 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]