株行距配置对吉林稻区水稻产量及群体微气象因子的影响  

Effects of Row Spacing on Population Micrometeorological Factors and Yields of Rice in Jilin Province

作　　者：金峰[1] 王帅[1] 邵玺文[1] 李彦利[2] 耿艳秋[1] 郭丽颖[1] 韩康顺[2] 王文龙 韩东 张显琴 刘旭 李见博 万国凤 高洪鑫 朱红安 JIN Feng WANG Shuai SHAO Xiwen LI Yanli GENG Yanqiu GUO Liying HAN Kangshun WANG Wenlong HAN Dong ZHANG Xianqin LIU Xu LI Jianbo WAN Guofeng GAO Hongxin ZHU Hongan(College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118 Tonghua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Meihekou 135000, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118 [2]通化市农业科学院,吉林梅河口135000

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2017年第5期6-14,共9页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0501204、2016YFD0300104、2017YFD0300609);吉林省青年科研基金项目(20150520124JH);吉林省教育厅重点项目(2016189);吉林省科技厅科技支撑计划项目(20160204011NY)

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同株行距配置对吉林稻区水稻产量构成、穗部性状、光合及群体微生态环境的影响,为吉林稻区水稻科学选用合适株行距配置以及高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以通禾833和通禾838为试材,研究株行距配置对吉林稻区水稻产量构成、穗部性状、群体生态及光合速率的影响。【结果】产量表现为等株行距(A)>宽行窄株(B)>大垄双行(C),单位面积穗数和千粒重的提高是导致产量差异的重要因素;株行距配置与施氮量、株行距配置与品种、施氮量与品种的互作对吉林稻区水稻产量及产量构成要素的影响不显著。株行距配置对水稻穗部性状存在一定影响,株行距配置(A)水稻群体在改善水稻穗部性状具有一定优势。不同株行距配置水稻群体光照强度、CO2浓度、温度和湿度等环境因子具有一定差异,大垄双行(C)有利于水稻群体内部空气交换、增加CO2供应,改善中下层叶片受光态势。叶面积指数(LAI)在齐穗期及成熟期均表现为等株行距(A)>宽行窄株(B)>大垄双行(C),等株行距(A)与大垄双行(C)差异显著(P<0.05),有效穗数的提高是主因;在齐穗期及齐穗后20 d剑叶光合速率均呈等株行距(A)>大垄双行(C)>宽行窄株(B)。【结论】等株行距(A)配置水稻群体产量、穗部性状以及物质生产能力均优于其他两种株行距配置,就本文所选水稻品种而言,等株行距(A)配置更适应于吉林稻区水稻生产。This study was to explore the effect of row spacing on yield component, panicle traits, photosynthesis andpopulation micrometeorological factors and provide theoretical basis for the high-yield cultivation and choose of ap-propriate plant row spacing of rice in Jilin Province. With japonica rice Tonghe 833 and Tonghe 838 as test materi-als, effects of row-spacing on eco-physiological characteristics and yield components of rice under different nitro-gen application levels were studied. Results showed that the yield of equal plant-row spacing treatment A（22.3 cm×22.3 cm） was the highest, the treatment B of wide-narrow row spacing（30 cm×16.5 cm） take second place, whilethe double lines width ridge treatment C（20/50 cm×14 cm） was the lowest. The increase of the number of paniclesand 1 000-grain weight was the main reasons. The interaction effect between row-spacing and nitrogen applicationrate, row-spacing and varieties, nitrogen application rate and varieties on yield and yield component were insignifi-cant. The row-spacing have a certain influence on panicle traits, showed that the equal plant-row spacing treatment A（22.3 cm×22.3 cm） had remarkable advantages on improve panicle traits of rice in Jilin Province. The distinctivedifferences were found in the content of CO2, light intensity, air temperature and humidity in the population amongdifferent row-spacing treatments, and the double lines width ridge treatment C（20/50 cm×14 cm） showed ideal mi-croclimate within the population of rice. The leaf area index（LAI） showed row-spacing treatment A〉B〉C at head-ing and ripening stage. Furthermore, the different between equal plant-row spacing treatment and double lineswidth ridge treatment had reach significant level（P〈0.05）, the increase of panicle number of equal plant-row spac-ing treatment was the main reason. Moreover, photosynthetic rate of flag leaf was higher at equal plant-row spacingtreatment A〉C〉 B at heading stage and 20 d after heading. The yield, panicle traits, p

关 键 词：水稻 株行距配置 产量 群体生态 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]