日本最早对数表底本考推  

A Historical Investigation of the Original Text of the Earliest Japanese Logarithm Tables

作　　者：李文明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2017年第3期346-354,共9页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：人社部留学人员科技活动择优资助(启动类)项目

摘　　要：18世纪晚期,日本出现了两部对数书籍,一部为安岛直圆《真假数表》,另一部本多利明《大测加减代乘除表》。一些学者认为安岛的对数知识来源于中国的《数理精蕴》,但无确切证据,本文对相关史料进行分析后认为,安岛最早接触的对数书籍可能不是《数理精蕴》。对于《大测加减代乘除表》,很多日本学者认为其底本为荷兰科内利斯·达维斯(Cornelis Douwes,1712—1773)的"航海表"(Zeemans-tafelen)。但"航海表"中无数表,故此结论值得怀疑。本多利明《大测加减代乘除表》与荷兰克拉斯·德·维利艾斯(Klaas De Vries)所著《航海宝函》(Schat-kamer ofte kunst der stuurlieden)1781年版中的对数表存在两个相同数值错误,因而可判定《大测加减代乘除表》的对数数值来自西洋。但是,安岛与本多的对数表中都出现中国的数学名词,安岛与本多也曾接触过涉及对数的中国历算书,所以仍可以认为这两部对数表的出现还是有着中国书籍影响存在的。In late 18 th century, Japan emerged two Logarithmic books, one was Ajima Naonobu＇s Shinkasuhyo,another was Honda Toshiaki＇s Daisokushinkadaijojohyo. Some scholars believe that the Logarithmic knowledge of Ajima Naonobu was from Chinese book Shulijingyun. But no conclusive evidence was given. About Daisokushinkadaijojohyo,most Japanese scholars believe that the original text is Netherlands book Zeemans-tafelen by Cornelis Douwes（ 1712—1773）. But Zeemans-tafelen had no number tables,therefore the conclusion is questionable. This paper discovered that in logarithm tables of Netherlands Klaas De Vries＇ book Schat-kamer ofte kunst der stuurlieden（ 1781 version）,there are two number errors In Honda＇s Daisokushinkadaijojohyo,the exact same errors also occurr. Therefore,it is believed that the original text of the Logarithmic table data in Daisokushinkadaijojohyo is Schat-kamer ofte kunst der stuurlieden 1781 version. However,Chinese mathematical terms＂zhenshu＂and＂jiashu＂both appear in the text of Shinkasuhyo and Daisokushinkadaijojohyo. There was evidence suggests that Ajima and Honda had read Chinese books which including logarithm calculation. Consequently,it is believed that the influence of Chinese books still exist in these two Japanese logarithmic tables.

关 键 词：江户时期 对数 安岛直圆 本多利明 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]