作战人员战现场自救互救过程中致命性伤情的评估  

Assessment of Life-threatening Injuries During Self-help/mutual Medical Aid by Combatants

作　　者：宗兆文[1] 秦昊[1] 包俊强 张琳 徐炜 张戎 鲍全伟 陈思旭[1] 赵玉峰[1] 陈强[1] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所创伤外科,重庆400042 [2]中央军委机关事务管理总局卫生局 [3]白求恩医务士官学校特诊教研室 [4]陆军军官学院卫生处门诊部 [5]新疆呼图壁军医训练大队

出　　处：《华南国防医学杂志》2017年第9期613-615,共3页Military Medical Journal of South China

基　　金：全军"十二五"全军后勤科研项目重大专项(AWS14L012)

摘　　要：目的建立一种针对作战人员战现场自救互救过程中致命性伤情的评估方法。方法基于中外军战现场急救文献检索结果,归纳致命性伤情范畴和急救技术要点,制定作战人员战现场自救互救过程中致命性伤情评估方法。结果战时致命性伤情包括严重颅脑外伤、气道阻塞、心脏和大血管的穿透伤、严重的肺脏裂伤、张力性和开放性气胸、严重腹部脏器损伤导致的大出血、四肢和胸腹部的开放性大出血等。针对作战人员,自救互救重点关注的战现场致命性伤情包括开放性大出血、气道阻塞、张力性和开放性气胸,进而采用通俗易懂的语言阐述这三种伤情的评估方法。结论本研究建立的致命性伤情评估方法适用于无医学背景的作战人员学习自救互救技术,有益于降低阵亡率和伤残率。Objective To establish methods for assessment of life-threatening injuries during self-help/mutual medical aid by combatants.Methods Basing on the analysis of literatures on combat first aid from both China and foreign countries,the category of life-threatening injuries and key first aid techniques were summarized.The methods for assessment of life-threatening injuries during self-help/mutual medical aid by combatants were then established.Results The main fatal combat injuries included severe brain injury,airway obstruction,penetrating heart and major aortic injury,severe lung laceration,tension and open pneumothorax,major bleeding caused by abdominal organs injuries,open massive hemorrhage of limbs,thorax and abdomen,etc.For combatants,open massive hemorrhage,airway obstruction,tension and open pneumothorax were the main life-threatening emergent injuries during the process of self-help/mutual medical aid.Then evaluation methods for these three life-threatening emergent injuries were established with easy-understanding language.Conclusion Methods established in this manuscript are suitable for combatants who can learn and master self-help/mutual medical aid skills without medical background.And it can lower the incidence of killed in action and disability.

关 键 词：战伤救治 自救互救 致命性伤情评估 开放性大出血 气道阻塞 张力性和开放性气胸 

分 类 号：R826.1[医药卫生—临床医学]