抚育间伐对小兴安岭天然针阔混交次生林生境的影响  

Effects of thinning on the habitat of natural mixed broadleaf-conifer secondary forest in Xiaoxing'an Mountains of northeastern China

作　　者：张甜[1] 朱玉杰[1] 董希斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学工程技术学院

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2017年第10期1-12,共12页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项(201204509);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572016AB67)

摘　　要：以小兴安岭地区天然针阔混交次生林为研究对象,进行不同间伐强度、不同间伐带宽的抚育改造,选取各样地土壤因子、枯落物持水因子、物种多样性因子和冠层结构因子共38项评价指标进行分析。运用主客观赋权的方法确定指标权重,采用层次分析法确定主观权重,熵权法确定客观权重,最小信息熵法确定组合权重,最后对生境因子进行单独评价以及综合评价。结果表明:运用组合权重法得到各生境因子的权重大小,按重要性排序为土壤化学性质(0.370),枯落物持水性能(0.231),冠层结构(0.166),物种多样性(0.129),土壤物理性质(0.104)。不同抚育间伐强度和间伐带宽对各改造样地生境因子的影响程度不同。在间伐强度为15%、间伐带宽为10 m时枯落物持水性能最好,综合评价值为3.510;在间伐强度为20%、间伐带宽为18 m时土壤化学性质、冠层结构最佳,综合评价值分别为2.796、0.953;在间伐强度为30%的情况下,间伐带宽为10 m时群落物种多样性程度最优,综合评价值为1.820,带宽为18 m时土壤的物理性质优于其他样地,综合评价值为7.943。通过综合评价得出小兴安岭天然针阔混交次生林在抚育间伐强度为20%,间伐带宽为18 m时的森林生境最佳。从整体来看,抚育间伐大大改善了森林生境条件,为林内生物提供了良好的生存环境,此研究为天然次生林生态经营提供了很好的理论依据。Taking the natural mixed broadleaf-conifer secondary forest in Xiaoxing＇an Mountains area of northeastern China as the research object,different thinning intensities and different cutting widths were carried out,and 38 indices involving the factors of soil,litter characteristics,species diversity as well as canopy structure were analysed. The index weight was gotten by using subjective and objective weighting method,the subjective weight was determined by analytic hierarchy process（ AHP）,and the objective weight was determined by entropy weight method,using the method of minimum information entropy to determine the combined weight. Finally,the habitat factors were evaluated and the comprehensive evaluation was taken. The results showed that： it got the weight of the habitat factor by using the combined weight method,the factors ordered by importance were soil chemical property（ 0. 370）,litter water holding capacity（ 0. 231）,canopy structure（ 0. 166）,species diversity（ 0. 129）,soil physical property（ 0. 104）. The effects of different thinning intensities and cutting widths on the habitat factors were different. Litter water holding capacity was the first-rate when the thinning intensity was 15% with10 m bandwidth,the comprehensive evaluation value was 3. 510. When thinning intensity was 20% with18 m bandwidth, the soil chemical property and the forest canopy structure were the best, the comprehensive evaluation values were 2. 796 and 0. 953; In condition of 30% thinning intensity,thespecies diversity degree was the best when the thinning bandwidth was 10 m, the comprehensive evaluation value was 1. 820; when the thinning bandwidth was 18 m,the soil physical property was better than the rest of sample plots,the comprehensive evaluation value was 7. 943. Through the comprehensive evaluation,it was the most suitable forest habitat for biological survival when thinning intensity was 20%with 18 m bandwidth of the natural mixed stand in Xiaoxing＇an Mountains. On the whole,thinning can great

关 键 词：抚育间伐 小兴安岭 天然针阔混交次生林 森林生境 综合评价 

分 类 号：S753.71[农业科学—森林经理学]