贵州省寒潮的气候特征及空间分布成因浅析  

Climatic Characteristics of Cold Wave and Causes Analysis of Spatial Distribution in Guizhou Province

作　　者：许丹[1] 罗喜平 XU Dan LUO Xiping(Guizhou Climate Center, Guiyang 550002, China Guizhou Meteorological Observatory, Guiyang 550002, China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省气候中心,贵州贵阳550002 [2]贵州省气象台,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《贵州气象》2017年第5期8-13,共6页Journal of Guizhou Meteorology

基　　金：贵州省气象局开放基金KF[2010]03号:贵州气候变化事实研究;(CMAGJ2013Z13)中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用重点项目

摘　　要：按照国标寒潮标准,用贵州省84个气象站1961—2015年逐日平均温度和最低温度,采用统计分析方法,研究了贵州省寒潮的时空分布与变化特征,并对其空间分布特征进行了原因探讨。结果表明:寒潮出现特征是冬季最多、秋季最少,3月最多5月最少。近55 a贵州寒潮天气过程呈微弱减少趋势,在年代际尺度上存在准13 a的周期振荡,在年际尺度上存在准3 a和7~8 a的周期振荡。海拔是影响寒潮空间分布的重要因子,但滇黔准静止锋和西南热低压等天气系统也是导致贵州西部、西南部的寒潮次数高于东北部的重要原因。According to the national standard of cold wave, using the daily mean temperature and minimum temperature data from 84 meteorological stations of Guizhou Province from 1961 to 2016, using statistical analysis , the spatial temporal features and variation characteristics of the cold waves were analyzed, and the possible causes for spatial features are shallowly discussed. The results indicate： the cold wave activities are distinctly different in Guizhou different regions. The frequencies of the cold waves in season and month are unifomfity, winter is most and autumn is least, March is most and May is least. In the recent 55 years, cold waves in Guizhou decreased weakly. There are 13 years of periodic oscillations at the interdecadal scale and 3 years periodic at the oscillations scale. Al- titude is the ilmportant impact factor for the distribution of Guizhou cold wave frequency. But the Dian - Qian quasi - stationary front and southwest heat low weather system are also important reasons , it lead to the cold wave num- ber in west and southwest is higher than in the northeast.

关 键 词：寒潮 时空分布 变化特征 成因分析 

分 类 号：P425.54[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]