从洪灾走廊到水乡天堂:明清治淮与里下河湿地农业系统的形成  

From Flood Corridor to Water Paradise: Huai River Harnessing in Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Formation of Lixia River Wetland Agriculture System

作　　者：卢勇[1] 陈加晋 陈晓艳[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学中国农业遗产研究室,江苏南京210095 [2]塔里木大学经济与管理学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第6期152-161,共10页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"明清以来的淮河水灾与治淮思想变迁研究"(13BZS072);中央高校基本业务费专项"新疆民族地区突发自然灾害应急管理体系研究"(Y0201700442)

摘　　要：江苏里下河地区的湿地农业系统是一种非常罕见、独特的遗产类型,与联合国粮农组织倡导的全球重要农业文化遗产理念有机契合。目前继兴化垛田传统农业系统入选全球重要农业文化遗产后,又有高邮湖泊湿地农业系统入选中国第四批重要农业文化遗产,湿地农业正成为全球农业遗产关注、研究和保护的热点。经考证,里下河地区湿地农业的产生与明清时期治淮密不可分。明清两朝的治淮策略虽各有侧重,但均是以牺牲里下河地区为代价,使当地自然环境不断恶化,河湖变迁、洪涝频发,高邮湖湿地的急剧扩大与兴化河湖的沼泽化是本时段最具代表性的事件。有赖里下河百姓的不屈不挠与积极应对,因地制宜地创造出了多种模式的湿地农业,主要包括兴化垛田的开发、水陆交错地的稻鸭共作、湖区的鱼虾蟹混养等。研究、保护和传承好里下河湿地型农业遗产,功在当代、利在千秋。The wetland agricultural system in the Lixia River of Jiangsu is an extremely rare and unique heritage type,which is in accord with the idea of Global Most Important Agricultural Heritage System proposed by United Nations FAO.At present,the Gaoyou Lake Wetland Agricultural Heritage System has been selected as the fourth batch of important agricultural heritage in China,following the Xinghua Duotian Agrosystem.Meanwhile,wetland agriculture is becoming the focus point of global agricultural heritage.It has been tested that the wetland agriculture in Lixia River was inseparable from harnessing the Huai River during Ming and Qing dynasties.Although each had its own emphasis,the strategies in Ming and Qing dynasties to harness the Huai River were both at the expense of worsening environment of Lixia River with vicissitudes lakes and frequent floods.The rapid expansion of the Gaoyou Lake Wetland and the swamp of Xinghua rivers and lakes were the most representative events in this period.Owing to the indomitable and positive civilians in Lixia River region,a multiplicity of wetland agriculture systems have been created,including the development of Xinghua Duotian Agrosystem,rice-duck integrated farming,fish and shrimp polyculture and so on.The research and preservation of wetland agricultural heritage in Lixia River P lains benefits people in the moment and gains in the millennium.

关 键 词：明清 治淮 里下河 湿地农业 农业文化遗产 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]