干旱区灌区水盐综合调控研究  

A Comprehensive Regulation and Control of Water and Salt of Irrigated Areas in the Arid Regions

作　　者：刘柏君[1,2,3] 权锦 雷晓辉[1] 蒋云钟[1] 王浩[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [2]河海大学水文水资源学院,南京210098 [3]联邦科学与工业研究组织水土研究所

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2017年第10期206-212,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金："十三五"国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0400903);江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(KYLX16_0739);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2016B40314);2016年度流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室代表性成果培育课题(2016CG05)

摘　　要：土壤盐渍化是影响干旱区灌区农业发展的重要因素之一,且地下水过度开采阻碍土壤的脱盐作用,严重危害作物生长甚至导致出现弃耕现象,威胁国家粮食安全。在分析干旱区开都河流域典型灌区水盐特征的基础上,采用基于层次分析法的BP神经网络对不同水盐调控模式进行综合评价。结果表明,增加灌区作物滴灌比例、限制地下水开采量、实行冬灌措施既可以减少地表用水量,保证河流下游生态健康,维持地下水位的年际稳定更可以促进土壤的脱盐作用,降低土壤矿化度,减缓土壤盐渍化进程。研究结果探索出了以"地表-地下水资源统筹配置-土壤盐分控制-灌溉节水"三元一体的土地资源保护、灌溉模式改进和流域水资源开发的综合调控模式,可为干旱区灌区土壤盐渍化防治提供一定的参考依据。Soil salinization is one of the important factors affecting the agricultural development of the irrigated area in arid regions, and overexploitation of groundwater hampers soil desalinization, which harms the growth of crops severely and even leads to the appearance of derelict land threatening national food security. Thus, based on water resources and salt characteristics of irrigated areas of the Kaidu River Basin in arid regions, the BP neural network based on the analytic hierarchy process is employed to evaluate different water-salt regulation and control modes comprehensively. The results indicate that increased crops trickle irrigation, restrained groundwater exploitation and winter irrigation development not only reduce the usage of surface water to ensure ecological health for downstream river and contribute to make the groundwater level of the irrigated areas annually steady, but promote soil desalinization to lower mineralization and to alleviate the process of soil salinization. Moreover, the comprehensive regulation and control mode consist of the overall distribution of surface-ground water, salt control and water-saving irrigation for water-salt balance is also proposed that can provide a reference for soil salinization prevention of the irrigated area in arid regions to a certain extent.

关 键 词：水盐调控 模式评估 灌区 干旱区 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] S278[农业科学—农业水土工程]