野燕麦开花习性和花粉活力研究  

Research on Flowering Habit and Pollen Viability in Wild Oats

作　　者：林立 汪洋经纬 李鹏飞[1] 安洪周[1] 耿广东[1] 张庆勤[1,2] 张素勤 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025 [2]国家小麦改良中心贵州分中心,贵阳550025

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2017年第19期3610-3612,3663,共4页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31160224);贵州大学自然科学专项科研基金项目[贵大专基合字(2013)01号]

摘　　要：对四倍体和六倍体野燕麦(Avena fatua L.)的开花习性及花粉活力进行了研究,以期为提高燕麦杂交授粉成功率提供参考。结果表明,两种野燕麦均于4月21日始花,4月25日到达盛花期,4月30日以后为开花末期;两种野燕麦每天开花散粉高峰时间主要集中在15:20~16:40;开花散粉受天气状况影响较大,温度低于18℃时不散粉;两种野燕麦花粉活力的变化规律基本一致,在野燕麦开花过程中,穗中、下部花粉活力均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,但是六倍体野燕麦的花粉活力最大值比四倍体野燕麦高,达到花粉活力最大值的时间比四倍体野燕麦早。由此可知,可以根据天气状况选取合适部位的花粉进行杂交授粉,从而提高燕麦杂交成功率。The flowering habit and pollen viability of tetraploid and hexaploid wild oats were researched in order to improve cross-fertilization rate of oat in the present study. The results showed that two wild oats began to flower on April 21,reached full-bloom stage on April 25, and entered the end of flowering after April 30. Peak flowering time was during 15 ：20to 16：40 every day, which was influenced greatly by weather condition, and the two wild oats did not flower if temperature was below 18 ℃. The change of pollen viability in two wild oats was consistent generally. Pollen viability went up first, then went down during flowering stage. The maximum of pollen viability of hexaploid wild oat was higher than that of tetraploid wild oat, and hexaploid wild oat could reach the highest pollen viability earlier than tetraploid wild oat. Therefore, the appropriate part of pollens should be selected to improve oat cross-fertilization rate according to weather condition.

关 键 词：野燕麦(Avena fatua L.) 四倍体 六倍体 开花习性 花粉活力 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]