不同施肥措施对酸性植烟土壤酶活性及微生物的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization on Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Community in Acid Tobacco-planting Soil

作　　者：武盼盼[1] 刘书武[1] 朱毅[1] 李大肥[2] 卢鑫[2] 许龙[2] 赵正雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学烟草学院,昆明650201 [2]云南省烟草公司文山州公司,云南文山663000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2017年第30期103-110,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目"文山州植烟土壤保育关键技术研究和推广应用"(2014YN33);"文山烟区烤烟控病提质关键技术研究与应用"(2016YN14)

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究了烟农施肥(CK1)、钙镁磷肥(CK2)、熟石灰(SSH)、源天有机肥(YT)和腐熟农家肥(FS)对烟草土壤pH、酶活性、微生物数量和群落结构及其代谢的影响。结果表明:土壤pH的表现为FS>YT>SSH>CK2>CK1,不同施肥管理对土壤酶活性、烤烟根际土壤细菌、放线菌和微生物总量的影响总体表现为FS、YT处理最高,再次为SSH和CK2处理,CK1处理最低,真菌则变化相反且各个处理与对照有显著差异(P<0.05)。Biolog微平板法测定结果表明,各个处理均比对照提高了土壤微生物的平均每孔颜色变化率,增加了物种多样性、丰富度和均匀度,改变了微生物对6大类碳源的相对利用率,微生物对氨基酸类、羧酸类、糖类碳源的相对利用率提高同时却降低了微生物对聚合物类碳源的相对利用能力;主成分分析表明,对土壤微生物起分异作用的碳源种类主要是糖类、氨基酸类和羧酸类。综合来说与烟农施肥相比,4个处理均有较好的效果,FS、YT处理的效果最好。A field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of five fertilizer managements [tobaccogrower fertilization（CK1）, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer（CK2）, slaked lime（SSH）,‘Yuantian＇organic fertilizer（YT） and matured compost（FS）] on soil pH, enzyme activities, microbial quantity andmicrobial community structure and its metabolism. The results showed that the soil pH was characterized byFSYTSSHCK2CK1, soil enzyme activities, the amounts of rhizosphere bacteria, actinomycetes andthe total number of microbes of treatments FS and YT were the highest, then were SSH and CK2, CK1 was thelowest, fungus had the opposite change, and all treatments were significantly different with CK（P0.05）. TheBiolog results suggested that each treatment increased color change rate, species diversity, richness andevenness than that of CK, changed the relative use ratios of six groups of carbon sources, the relative use ratiosof amino acids, carboxylic acids and saccharides were increased while that of polymers was decreased. Theprincipal components analysis demonstrated that the differentiation of microbial community was mainly due tothe utilization of saccharides, amino acids and carboxylic acids. The effects of treatments FS and YT werebetter than that of CK1.

关 键 词：施肥 酸性土壤 酶活性 微生物群落功能多样性 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]