湖北省电力公司变电站蓄电池室作业人员肺功能及牙酸蚀病等口腔疾患的调查  

Study on pulmonary function and dental erosion and other oral diseases among workers in accumulator room in electric substation of Hubei Electric Power Company

作　　者：毕成琼 罗磊 刘克俭 王全胜 刘富强 金彦 BI Cheng-qiong LUO Lei LIU Ke-jian WANG Quan-sheng LIU Fu-qiang JIN Yan(Development Planning Department,Xiangyang Power Supply Company,Hubei Electric Power Company,Xiangyang Hubei, 441002,China Department of Labor Hygiene and Environmental Hygiene,School of Public Health,Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei,430030,China Department of Rehabilitation, Tonal Hospital of Tonal Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei, 430030, China)

机构地区：[1]国网湖北省电力公司襄阳供电公司发展策划部,湖北襄阳441002 [2]华中科技大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,湖北武汉430030 [3]华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院康复科,湖北武汉430030

出　　处：《职业与健康》2017年第19期2617-2619,2624,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的调查分析变电站蓄电池室作业人员的肺功能及牙酸蚀病等口腔疾患,为制定防护对策提供依据。方法在2014—2015年,随机抽取湖北省电力公司26所变电站蓄电池室,进行现场卫生学调查与检测,并对295名蓄电池室作业人员和153名办公室人员进行健康调查和职业健康检查。结果各变电站蓄电池室平均酸雾质量浓度为(0.537±0.317)mg/m^3,未超过国家职业卫生接触限值(2 mg/m^3);相比偶尔和从不佩戴口罩者,蓄电池室经常佩戴口罩的作业人员呼吸道症状和牙痛、牙龈出血的发生率均较低;蓄电池室作业人员整体牙龈炎、龋齿和牙齿松动发生率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但2组人员的牙酸蚀病发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);作业组FVC、FEV1%和MMEF异常率高于对照组(P<0.05),其他各项指标与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论变电站蓄电池室作业人员长期接触低质量浓度酸雾,对呼吸道有慢性刺激作用,牙酸蚀病及鼻咽口腔疾患发生率增高。建议企业应注重应用蓄电池智能在线维护监控管理系统,尽量降低空气中酸雾质量浓度和人员接触时间,对作业人员定期进行职业健康检查,并加强个人防护用品的发放和佩戴的管理。[Objective] To investigate the pulmonary function and dental erosion and other oral diseases among workers in accu-mulator room in electric substation,provide basis for developing the protective measures.[Methods]On-site hygiene investigations were done in 26 substation battery compartments which were randomly sampled from Hubei Electric Power Company from 2014-2015,while health survey and occupational health examination were conducted in 295 battery room workers and 153 office workers.[Results]The average concentration of acid mist in battery compartments was（0.537±0.317）mg/m^3,which was lower the national occupational hygiene exposure limit（2 mg/m^3）. The incidence rates of respiratory symptoms,toothache and bleeding gums in battery room workers often wearing masks were lower than those occasionally or never wearing masks. The incidence rates of gingivitis,dental caries and loose teeth in battery room workers were higher than those in workers of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant（P0.05）,while there was not statistically significant difference in incidence rates of dental erosion between two groups（P〈0.05）. The abnormal rates of FVC,FEV1% and MMEF in exposure group were higher than those in control group（P〉0.05）,while there were not statistically significant differences in other indicators between two groups（P〈0.05）.[Conclusion]The long-term exposure to low concentration of acid mist has the chronic stimulation to the respiratory tract of workers in substation accumulator room,leading to increased incidence rates of dental erosion and nasopharyngeal oral diseases. It is suggested that enterprises strengthen the application of the accumulator intelligent online monitoring management system,try to reduce the concentrations of acid mist in the air and exposure time of workers,implement regular physical examination,and improve management on distribution and wear of personal protective equipment.

关 键 词：蓄电池 酸雾 牙酸蚀病 肺功能 

分 类 号：R135.99[医药卫生—劳动卫生]