畜禽养殖污染控制中的政府行为分析  

Analysis of government behavior in pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding

作　　者：宾幕容[1] 周发明[2] BIN Murong ZHOU Faming(Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China Hunan Institute of Humanities Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学,长沙410128 [2]湖南人文科技学院,湖南娄底417000

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医（下半月）》2017年第10期1-7,共7页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"农户畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用行为机理研究"(71603081);湖南省社会科学基金项目"湘江流域农户畜禽养殖污染防治行为研究"(15YBA196)

摘　　要：环境资源的公共物品属性和畜禽养殖污染及其控制的显著外部性特征,使得政府成为控制畜禽养殖污染最基本也是最重要的主体。政府通过运用强制命令型和经济激励型政策工具,激励或约束畜禽养殖主体的环境行为,达到控制畜禽养殖污染和保护生态环境的目的。但政府本身也不是万能的,在环境领域,受环境决策失误与环境管理失灵两方面的影响,政府在环境监管上也存在失灵。因此,不仅要依靠有效的环境制度和有力地环境执法,还要对现有政府的业绩标准等进行修正,以解决决策失误、市场机制存在外部性等问题。Public goods property of environmental resources and the significant external characteristics of pollution and control for livestock and poultry breeding,make the government become the most basic and important subject to control the pollution of livestock and poultry breeding.Through the mandatory command and economic incentive policy tools,the government can encourage or constrain the environmental behavior of livestock and poultry breeding subjects,so as to control the pollution of livestock and poultry breeding and protect the ecological environment.But the government itself is not a panacea,in the field of environment,the government has also failed in environmental regulation which are impacted by the environmental decision-making mistakes and environmental management failure two aspects. Therefore,we should not only rely on effective environmental system and strong environmental law enforcement,but also amend the existing government performance standards to solve the problems of decision-making errors and externalities of the market mechanism.

关 键 词：畜禽养殖 养殖污染 政府行为 政府失灵 控制 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]