论国家科技治理中的专利制度安排  

Research on the Arrangement of Patent System in National Science and Technology System in China

作　　者：毛昊[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家知识产权局发展研究中心

出　　处：《知识产权》2017年第10期64-74,共11页Intellectual Property

摘　　要：尽管专利制度安排能够有效弥补传统科技治理模式的弊端,但两者在国家行政管理、法律战略和政策体系等层面均仍存有交叠与冲突。传统科技治理模式未能将专利视为一套良好运转的制度性安排内嵌其中。然而,专利所具有的市场私权和政策工具属性,决定了其能够在政府科技治理和科技创新的市场治理体系中发挥重要作用。专利制度能够有效聚合创新资源,破解科技市场的"阿罗悖论"和"机会主义",降低举国体制中重大科技项目风险,改进传统科技奖励体系,给予创新者持续创新的内生动力。专利制度亦能构建起以知识产权为核心的资源生态,促使市场主体技术创新的动力制度化、内生化,加速形成现代化企业知识产权治理模式。新一轮的国家科技体制机制改革应当在既有科技体制中强化专利的制度安排,发挥专利制度对创新资源配置的基础性作用,提升科技和专利在行政管理、法律修改和战略制定中的协同效率,改进专利制度对市场研发和组织行为演进的功能效用,促进专利与科技工作的深度融合,进而实现从专利治理、科技治理到国家创新治理的转变。Although Patent system can effectively improve the traditional model of science and technology management, China＇s IP management system and science and technology management system are still overlap and conflict with each other in the country＇s legal, strategy and government policy. The traditional science and technology system does not take patent rights as a good institutional arrangement. However, patent bears the characters of private rights as well as policy tools, which determines the patent system can play an important role in the traditional technology management and scientific and technological innovation in the market. Patent system can effectively aggregate innovation resources, crack down ＂arrow paradox＂ and ＂opportunistic＂ in technology market, reduce the project risk under the whole nation system, improve the traditional science and technology reward system, and invest sustainable innovation impetus to innovator. Patent system can also build up an ecological resources focusing on IP, enable the market the capacity to formulate dynamic system, accelerate modern enterprise intellectual property management mode. A new round of national science and technology system reform should strengthen the patent system, enhance the efficiency of the administration system, play the basic role on the allocation of innovative resources, and improve the RD capacity and organizational behavior on using patent system. Innovation-driven development strategy not only speeds up the integration process of technology and intellectual property rights, but also provides a strong guarantee for the transformation from scientific and technological governance to innovation governance.

关 键 词：国家治理 科技体制 体制机制改革 专利制度 创新驱动发展 

分 类 号：D923.42[政治法律—民商法学]