有机-无机配施比例对板栗叶片氮磷营养、产量及品质的影响  

Effect of different application ratios of inorganic and organic fertilizers on nitrogen and phosphorus contents of leaves,yield and quality of Castanea mollissima

作　　者：宋影[1] 郭素娟[1] 谢明明[1] 张丽[1] 孙慧娟 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学林学院省部共建森林培育保护与利用教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2017年第9期28-35,共8页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项重大项目(201204401);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD14B0402)

摘　　要：以板栗主栽品种‘燕山早丰’为试材,采用田间小区试验和不同计算方法(单位质量叶片养分含量、单位面积叶片养分含量及单位叶片养分总含量)研究产区有机废弃物堆肥与无机不同配施比例对板栗叶片氮磷含量、氮磷比、产量、品质及其相互作用影响,为产区合理利用有机养分资源和施肥结构调整提供依据。结果表明,F0.5M0.5(50%有机堆肥+50%无机肥)处理单位质量、单位面积以及单位叶片氮磷总含量、单粒重均最高,CK(不施肥)最低,F_(0.75)M_(0.25)(25%有机堆肥+75%无机肥)和F0.5M0.5处理中N/P>14且显著高于F(纯无机肥)和M(纯有机肥)处理,F_(0.25)M_(0.75)(75%有机堆肥+25%无机肥)最低;与F和M处理相比,F_(0.5)M_(0.5)、F_(0.75)M_(0.25)与F_(0.25)M_(0.75)处理分别表现促氮促磷、促氮抑磷与抑氮抑磷相互作用效应,且F_(0.5)M_(0.5)处理增产提质效果最显著,其次为F_(0.75)M_(0.25)处理;板栗产量、淀粉含量、可溶性糖及蛋白质含量均与单位叶片N、P总含量呈极显著或显著正相关;有机无机混施效应因配比不同而异,在等氮磷钾条件下F_(0.5)M_(0.5)即50%有机堆肥+50%无机肥配施表现最佳。Castanea mollissima‘Yanshanzaofeng＇was selected as the test material to study the effects of different application ratios of inorganic and organic fertilizers on nitrogen and phosphorus contents of leaves yield and quality of Castanea mollissima and their interaction by using different calculation methods（leaf nutrient content per unit mass,leaf nutrient content per unit area and leaf total nutrient content）,and to provide guidance for rational utilization of organic waste resources and adjustment of fertilization pattern. The results showed that the most leaf nitrogen and phosphorus contents based on three calculation methods and single seed weight were with 50% inorganic fertilizer and 50% organic compost treatment（F0.5M0.5）,then the lowest was no fertilizer treatment（CK）. Leaf N/P ratio under F0.75M0.25（75% inorganic fertilizer and 25% organic compost） and F0.5M0.5 treatments（〉14） were significantly higher than that under the pure inorganic fertilizer（F） and pure organic compost（M）,and the lowest was found with 25% inorganic fertilizer and 75%organic compost treatment（F0.25M0.75）. Compared with F and M treatments,the increased nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency by F0.5M0.5,the increased nitrogen and decreased phosphorus efficiency by F0.75M0.25 and the decreased nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency by F0.25M0.75 were respectively shown. The highest yield increased and best quality improvement were shown with F0.5M0.5 treatment,followed by F0.75M0.25 treatment. The correlative analysis showed that fruit yield and quality parameters（including starch,soluble sugar and protein content of Castanea mollissima） had significant positive relationship with leaf total nitrogen and phosphorus contents（P〈0.05）. The results suggested that interaction between chemical fertilizer and organic compost varied with application ratios of chemical and organic fertilizers. F0.5M0.5 was the best combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers choice in given area on the condition

关 键 词：施肥 板栗 叶片氮磷 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S147.21[农业科学—肥料学] S606.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]