FY-3卫星大气湿度微波探测技术发展  

Technology Development of Atmospheric Humidity Sounding of FY-3 Satellite

作　　者：张瑜[1,2] 张升伟 王振占[1,2] 姜景山 李靖[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微波遥感技术重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院国家空间科学中心,北京100190

出　　处：《上海航天》2017年第4期52-61,共10页Aerospace Shanghai

摘　　要：介绍了风云三号(FY-3)卫星大气湿度微波探测技术及其发展。阐述了大气湿度微波探测原理。给出了微波湿度计(MWHS)的组成,以及变速扫描、匀速扫描和定点观测三种工作模式。从FY-3卫星01批到03批,MWHS从单一的湿度探测发展为大气温湿度同步探测,灵敏度和定标精度不断提高。其中:A、B星MWHS有150,183.31GHz两个探测频率,150GHz在国际上首次采用准光技术实现了极化分离,有垂直和水平通道2个,183.31GHz与国际同类设备相同,有通道3个;C、D星MWHS增加了118.75GHz探测通道8个,183.31GHz探测通道增加到5个,并增加了150GHz窗区频率,显著提升了微波湿度计的探测能力,实现了多通道的细分探测,并具有大气温度、湿度同步探测的功能,且118GHz首次实现了星载非临边大气探测;03批MWHS将包括探测频率4个、探测通道15个,窗区探测频率由150GHz更改为166GHz,并大幅提高灵敏度、定标精度等系统性能指标。性能比较表明:FY-3卫星MWHS的系统灵敏度优于其他国际同类载荷。给出了FY-3卫星MWHS在台风监测、全球亮温图获取等大气探测和灾害性天气预报与跟踪监测中的应用成果。The technology and development of atmospheric microwave humidity sounding of FY-3 meteorological satellite were introduced in this paper.The composition of the microwave humidity sounder（MWHS）was presented,and so were the three operation modes of variable speed scanning,uniform velocity scanning and pointing observation.MWHS has been developed from single humidity sounding to humidity/temperature sounding simultaneously and the sensitivity and calibration accuracy of MWHS have been improved continuously from 01 batch to 03 batch.MWHS of FY-3A,B satellite has two detection frequency at 150 and 183.1GHz.The frequency 150 GHz has two channels which realizes the polarization separation by quasi-optics first in the world,and the frequency 183.31 GHz has three channels which are similar to the same type equipment in the world.MWHS of FY-3C,D satellite has increased 8channels at 118.75 GHz,3 channels at 183.31 GHz and window frequency at 150 GHz.It realizes the fine detection with multi-channel,and has the function of humidity/temperature sounding simultaneously,and it also realizes onboard limb atmospheric detection at 118 GHz.MWHS of FY-3 03 batch will include 4 detection frequency and 15 channels.The window detection frequency will change from 150 GHz to 166 GHz.The sensitivity and calibration accuracy will be improved greatly.The comparison results show that the system sensitivity of FY-3 MWHS is better than that of the same type equipments in the world.The application of FY-3 MWHS in atmospheric forecasting and disaster weather prediction and tracking of global brightness temperature images and typhoon monitoring were given.

关 键 词：风云三号卫星 有效载荷 微波湿度计 微波探测 温湿度探测 天气预报 大气湿度 水汽含量 

分 类 号：V474.24[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] P414.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]