气象卫星遥感火情监测应用  

Fire Monitoring and Application Based on Meteorological Satellite

作　　者：李亚君[1] 郑伟[1] 陈洁 刘诚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局国家卫星气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《上海航天》2017年第4期62-72,共11页Aerospace Shanghai

基　　金：国家863项目资助(2006AA12Z125);农业部行业专项资助(200903041)

摘　　要：对气象卫星遥感火情监测应用进行了研究。介绍了用中红外和远红外通道火点像元亮温与背景差异对火情进行监测的原理,以及可用于监测的主要卫星仪器。给出了极轨气象卫星和静止气象卫星的火点判别方法,包括亚像元火点面积与温度、燃烧辐射功(FRP)的火点强度估算方法,以及过火区面积估算和影响评估方法。气象卫星火点监测精度用人工火场卫星同步观测和用高分辨率陆地卫星对火点监测两种方法进行验证。介绍了风云三号(FY-3)等气象卫星在防灾减灾、生态环境保护、气候影响评估等中的应用,包括森林草原火情监测和过火区估算、森林草原火险预警预报、秸秆焚烧火点监测及过火区面积估算、生物量燃烧引起的烟霾天气监测、干旱等气候事件对森林火灾的影响、全球野火监测等。展望了未来气象卫星在火情监测中的技术发展和应用。The fire monitoring and application based on meteorological satellite were studied in this paper.The fire monitoring principle through the brightness temperature different between fire pixel and background in middle infrared and far infrared channels was introduced.The major instruments onborne were given.The discrimination methods of fire point for polar orbit meteorological satellite and geostationary orbit meteorological satellite,fire point intensity estimation including the area and temperature of sub-pixel fire point,and firing radiation power,and the methods of burned area estimation and effect assessment were presented.The fire monitoring accuracy based on meteorological satellite were validated by two ways which were artificial fire field observed synchronously by satellite and fire monitoring by land satellite with high resolution.The applications of FY-3 and others meteorological satellites in disaster prevention and reduction,ecological environment protection and climatic effect assessment were introduced,which including forest and prairie fire monitoring,burned reign estimation,warning and forecast of forest and prairie fire,monitoring of fire caused by straw burning and burned area estimation,haze weather monitoring caused by biomass burning,climatic event effect of drought and others on forest fire,and global wildfire monitoring.The technology development and application of meteorological satellite in fire monitoring were prospected.

关 键 词：气象卫星 火情监测 火点判识 强度估算 过火评估 森林草原 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] P407[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]