FY-3卫星洪涝灾害监测应用  

Application of Flood Disaster Monitoring Based on FY-3 Satellite Data

作　　者：郑伟[1] 刘诚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局国家卫星气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《上海航天》2017年第4期73-78,共6页Aerospace Shanghai

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(41571425;40901231)

摘　　要：对利用风云三号(FY-3)卫星数据对洪涝灾害监测进行了研究。给出了用FY-3卫星中分辨率成像仪(MERSI)和可见光红外扫描辐射计(VIRR)对薄云下和薄雾覆盖的水体判识的原理,以及洪涝信息检测中水体最大淹没面积和淹没时间信息的获取方法。给出了用FY-3卫星微波成像仪(MWRI)通过微波指数法反演洪涝信息的方法,可进行连续、全天候的大范围洪涝灾情监测。2011、2016年由其他卫星获得的洪涝水体信息表明:风云卫星的洪涝水体监测精度可达90%以上,甚至优于EOS卫星的MODIS和NOAA卫星的AVHRR的精度。近年来,风云卫星在国内外洪涝灾害等重大灾害监测评估中发挥了重要作用,改变了业务上以国外卫星资料为主进行洪涝灾害监测的局面,同时也提升了FY-3卫星在国际上的地位。展望了我国风云卫星在洪涝监测中的发展方向,指出随着风云卫星遥感技术的不断发展,洪涝灾害监测评估精度将会提高,为洪涝灾害防灾减灾提供更科学准确的决策依据。The application of flood disaster monitoring based on FY-3 satellite data was studied in this paper.The identification principle of water body under thin cloud or covered by mist were given based on medium resolution spectral imager and visible and infrared radiometer on FY-3 satellite.The methods to obtain the maximum submergence area and submergence time of the water body were presented.The way to inverse the flooding information through microwave index was also given based on microwave radiation imager on FY-3 satellite.The water body information in flooding gained by other satellites in 2011 and 2016 showed that the monitoring accuracy of flooding disaster by FY-3 satellite could be higher than 90% and was even better than those of MODIS and AVHRR on EOS and NOAA respectively.FY satellites have played an important role in severe disaster monitoring and assessment of flood disaster both in domestic and abroad in recent years,which has changed the situation of flood monitoring mainly depending on foreign satellite data and lifted the international position of FY-3 satellite.The development trend of FY satellite in flooding monitoring was prospected.It is believed that more scientific and accurate decision-making basis for flood disaster prevention and mitigation can be provided along with the development of satellite remote sensing technology and the improvement of assessment accuracy of flood disaster monitoring.

关 键 词：风云三号卫星 中分辨率成像仪(MERSI) 可见光红外扫描辐射计(VIRR) 微波成像仪(MWRI) 洪涝灾害监测 最大淹没面积 淹没时间 微波指数 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] P407[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]