丰、枯水期长江口邻近海域浮游植物群落结构特征及其环境影响初探  

Preliminary discussion on the phytoplankton assemblages and its response to the environmental changes in the Changjiang (Yangtze)River Estuary and its adjacent waters during the dry season and the wet season

作　　者：李照[1,2,3] 宋书群 李才文[1,2] 俞志明 Li Zhao Song Shuqun Li Caiwen Yu Zhiming(Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所中国科学院海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266200 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《海洋学报》2017年第10期124-144,共21页

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2014DQ029);国家基金委-山东省联合基金项目(U1606404);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)资助项目(XDA11020302)

摘　　要：通过2013年3月和8月在长江口及其邻近海域进行的多学科综合调查,研究了枯水期和丰水期浮游植物的群落结构和空间分布特征,并探讨了影响其分布的环境因子效应。枯水期共发现浮游植物3门41属80种(不包括变种和变型),以硅藻为主,主要优势种为具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata);浮游植物细胞丰度介于0.15×10~3~16.35×10~3 cells/L,平均值为(3.24±3.14)×10~3 cells/L;浮游植物细胞丰度在长江口外东北部海域形成高值,垂直变化较小,硅藻刻画了浮游植物的空间分布。丰水期共发现浮游植物4门67属135种(不包括变种和变型),甲藻物种数量和细胞丰度均升高,主要优势种为东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)和骨条藻(Skeletonemasp.);浮游植物细胞丰度介于0.2×10~3~1 925.45×10~3 cells/L,平均值为(41.67±186.00)×10~3 cells/L;浮游植物细胞丰度在长江口外形成南北两个高值区,随水深增加,细胞丰度逐渐降低。浮游植物的空间分布受长江口冲淡水影响,与盐度和浊度有显著的相关性;N/P比影响浮游植物群落结构,随着N/P比升高,甲藻的相对丰度升高,硅藻的相对丰度逐渐降低。浮游植物在层化水体的上层大量繁殖是底层低氧形成的必要条件,硅藻具有较高的沉降速率,因而以硅藻为主的群落更利于低氧的形成。Based on the multi-discipline surveys in the Changjiang（Yangtze）River Estuary and its adjacent waters in March and August 2013,the phytoplankton species composition and community structure was studied,and its correlations with major environment factors were analyzed as well.During the dry season,80 taxa belonging to 41 genera and 3 phyla were identified.Paralia sulcate was the most dominant specie.The cell abundance ranged from 0.15×10^3 cells/L to 16.35×10^3 cells/L,with an average of（3.24±3.14）×10^3 cells/L.The horizontal distribution of cell abundance was mainly dominated by diatom,with high values appeared in the north of the survey area and lower in the coastal waters.During the wet season,135 taxa belonging to 67 genera and 4 phyla were identified,the main dominant species were Prorocentrum donghaiense and Skeletonemasp..The cell abundance ranging from 0.2×10^3 cells/L to 1 925.45×10^3 cells/L,with an average of （41.67±186.00）×10^3 cells/L,was higher in the north of the survey area as well as in the southeast area close to the coast,dominated by dinoflagellate.The salinity and turbidity influenced the phytoplankton assemblage during the survey.The N/P ratio,instead of Si/N ratio,played a significant role in regulating the phytoplankton community structure.With the increase of N/P ratio,the diatom became dominant in the phytoplankton assemblage.Proliferation of phytoplankton in the upper layer and stratification of water column were necessary for the formation of hypoxia.Diatom-dominant community had higher sinking rate than dinoflagelate-dominant community,thus in favor of the consuming of dissolved oxygen in the bottom waters.

关 键 词：浮游植物 群落结构 长江口 冲淡水 低氧 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]