近代宁波的洋银流入与货币结构  

The Flow of Foreign Silver Dollars and Monetary Structure of Ningbo in Modern Times

作　　者：熊昌锟[1] Xiong Changkun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2017年第6期76-90,共15页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(批准号:17CZS028);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(批准号:2017M610142)阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：明末清初,外国标准化的机制银元逐渐流入宁波等地,与秤量使用的银锭相比,银元形制统一、检验方便,节省了一定的交易成本,因此行用日广,进而流通至浙江的其他城镇和农村地区。五口通商以后,国内埠际之间有大量的洋银流动,而自香港等地进口的洋银数量极少。清后期,浙江省厘金收支的四柱清单中,银元的使用已超过银锭与制钱,成为最重要的收支货币。结合清中期至民国初期的契约文书,可以发现丝茶产地以外的宁波及浙东地区农村市场的洋银使用份额远不及银锭、制钱,洋银在港口与农村两个不同市场层级的使用呈现出迥异的特点。In the late Ming and early Qing dynasty, standardized foreign silver dollars flowed into Ningbo. Compared with widely used silver ingots, the examination of silver was more convenient, which lowered transaction cost. Therefore, silver dollars had been more widely used over time, flowing into rural areas of Zhejiang province after five ports opening to trading, massive amounts of silver dollars circulated between internal ports while the import from Hongkong etc. was few. In the late Qing, in the transit donation of silk, tea and other goods in Zhejiang province, the use of silver dollars exceeded that of silver ingots and official coppers, and silver dollars gradually became the most important transaction currency. However, according to contract documents from the middle of Qing to the early Republican, it can be found that the amount of silver dollars＇ being used in Ningbo and east Zhejiang rural markets was far behind that of silver ingots and official coppers, which revealed that the use of silver dollars showed very different features in ports and rural markets.

关 键 词：近代 宁波 洋银 货币结构 

分 类 号：F822.9[经济管理—财政学]