船源油污强制清除制度下海事主管机关的法律地位——以公私法之协调为中心  

The Legal Status of the Maritime Authority under the Compulsory Clearance System of Marine Oil Pollution——Centering on the coordination between the public and private law

作　　者：夏亮 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋文化与法律学院/上海海洋大学海洋政策与法律研究所,上海200129

出　　处：《河北法学》2017年第11期99-116,共18页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目<完善我国海洋法律体系研究>(15ZDB178);上海市高校青年科研骨干培养计划("晨光计划")项目<海船航行安全法律制度中公法规则与私法规则协调研究>(13CGB21)

摘　　要：船源油污强制清除作业由海事主管机关主导,受残骸清除制度、海洋污染防治制度和海难救助制度规制。在船源油污强制清除制度下,海事主管机关既可能为公法下的行政强制实施者、委托者或行政监督者,也可能以海事请求人身份,在私法下就残骸清除、油污防治或海难救助作业求偿。一旦发生制度竞合,有时可由其自由选择求偿途径,有时则须依据清污作业的主旨和内容,依照相关强制性规定划分作业性质。我国国内海洋油污治理法规应注意与相关国际公约接轨,加强不同位阶的公私法间的协调衔接。The compulsory clearance of marine oil pollution dominated by the maritime authority is regulated by wreck removal system, marine pollution prevention system and maritime salvage system. Under the compulsory clearance system of marine oil pollution,the maritime authority may be the executor or entruster of administrative coercion and the administrative inspector. It can also bring the maritime suits under the private law. When it comes to the overlapping of laws,the nature of the clearance should be defined according to its purpose,content and in line with the mandatory provisions. Sometimes,the authority may also decide how to obtain the fees or remunerations. The integration between Chinese domestic laws and the international conventions as well as the coordination of public and privates laws at different levels require further improvement.

关 键 词：残骸强制清除 海洋污染强制防治 海难强制救助 海事主管机关 公私法 

分 类 号：DF937[政治法律—国际法学]