辽西半干旱区玉米与花生间作对土地生产力和水分利用效率的影响  

Productivity and Water Use Efficiency of Maize-Peanut Intercropping Systems in the Semi-Arid Region of Western Liaoning Province

作　　者：高砚亮 孙占祥[1] 白伟[1] 冯良山[1] 杨宁[1] 蔡倩[1,3] 冯晨[1] 张哲[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院/辽宁省旱作节水工程技术中心,沈阳110161 [2]内蒙古乌拉特前旗第一中学,内蒙古乌拉特前旗014400 [3]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2017年第19期3702-3713,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31461143025);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300204);辽宁省科学事业公益研究基金(2015002001)

摘　　要：【目的】通过对不同行比玉米与花生间作模式中作物产量、土地生产能力及水分利用效率的比较分析,探讨间作模式提高土地生产能力和水分利用效率的机理,提出适合于辽西旱作农业区的玉米与花生间作模式。【方法】试验于2015—2016年在农业部阜新农业环境与保育科学观测试验站进行,设置2行玉米4行花生间作(2M:4P)、4行玉米4行花生间作(4M:4P)和玉米单作(S-M)、花生单作(S-P)4种种植模式,通过研究间作复合系统产量、土地当量比、土壤水分分布和水分当量比等指标来分析玉米花生间作对土地生产力和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】受玉米行比设置和资源竞争影响,玉米与花生间作中玉米和花生的产量较相对应单作产量有不同程度降低;在系统整体收益衡量下,2M:4P和4M:4P间作模式的土地当量比(LER)为1.10—1.24、1.12—1.16,表明间作具有优化利用土地的功能,同时,间作系统中花生的偏土地当量比(LER_P)达到0.41—0.57,显示出豆科作物花生弱化了与禾本科作物玉米搭配间作的劣势;间作复合系统土壤含水量呈单作花生>间作花生>间作玉米>单作玉米的分布特征,表明间作玉米可能会吸收花生条带的土壤水分,降低高耗水作物玉米对自身条带土壤水分的过度消耗来改善间作玉米土壤水分利用环境;2M:4P间作模式的水分当量比(WER)为1.12—1.23,4M:4P间作模式的WER为1.16—1.17,两间作模式的WER均大于1,显著提高了农田水分利用效率。【结论】玉米与花生间作能够改善辽西旱作农业区作物土壤水分利用环境,提高农田土地和水分生产力。2M:4P间作模式在降雨较少年份(2015年)具有一定的土地生产力和水分利用效率优势,而4M:4P间作模式在辽西降雨较多年份(2016年)具有一定的土地生产力和水分利用效率优势,并且4M:4P间作模式在2015—2016年不同降雨变化干扰下的年际差异较小,具有稳�【Objective】In the experiments, the mechanism of maize-peanut intercropping in increase of land productivity and water use efficiency was studied through comparing yield, land equivalent ratio and water use efficiency, and the optimal maize-peanut intercropping systems in semi-arid region of western Liaoning province were proposed.【Method】Field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 in Fuxin Scientific Observation Research Stations of Agricultural Environment and Cultivated Land Conservation. Four treatments were designed, 2 rows maize and 4 rows peanut（2M：4P）, 4 rows maize and 4 rows peanut（4M：4P）, sole maize（S-M） and sole peanut（S-P）. Yield, land equivalent ratio, water distribution and water use equivalent ratio were calculated to analyze the positive effects on productivity and water use efficiency. 【Result】 Yield of maize and peanut in intercropping system decreased compared with the sole system because of resource competition. But the land equivalent ratio（LER） in 2M：4P and 4M：4P were, respectively, 1.10-1.24 and 1.12-1.23, indicating the advantage of intercropping. The partial land equivalent ratio（LERp） of peanut in intercropping was 0.41-0.57, suggesting that peanut can decrease the disadvantage of intercropping with cereal crops. Soil water content in peanut strip was higher than that of maize strip but lower than the sole peanut. This finding showed that intercropped maize absorbed water from peanut strip. Water use equivalent ratio（WER） was 1.12-1.23 in 2M：4P intercropping system and 1.16-1.17 in 4M：4P intercropping system. Water use efficiency in intercropping system was increased.【Conclusion】The results indicated that maize-peanut intercropping can increase land and use efficiency in the semi-arid region of western Liaoning province. 2M：4P intercropping system performed better in 2015 with less rain. But in 2016 with more rain, 4M：4P intercropping system had higher land and water use efficiency. And the yield of 4M：4P intercropping sy

关 键 词：玉米与花生间作 产量 土壤水分 土地当量比 水分当量比 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.2