ALV-J不同接种途径诱导SPF鸡免疫抑制状况的比较分析  

Comparative analysis of immunosuppressive level induced by ALV-J with different inoculation in SPF chickens

作　　者：朱丽君[1] 董雯雯[1] 马宁宁[1] 周建波[1] 袁艳梅 卢亚平 李宗瑞 魏凯[1] 王海荣[1] 朱瑞良[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学动物科技学院/山东省动物生物技术与疫病防治重点实验室/山东省畜禽疫病防治工程技术研究中心,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2017年第11期2068-2075,共8页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：山东省高校中医药抗病毒协同创新中心项目(XTCX2014B01-08);山东科技发展计划资助项目(2012GNC11020);山东省"双一流"奖补资金项目(SYL2017YSTD11)

摘　　要：将1日龄SPF鸡分别通过口服、点眼、腹腔注射、肌肉注射的方式感染J亚群禽白血病病毒(subgroup J avian leucosis virus,ALV-J),监测各感染组鸡的生长性能、带毒和排毒规律,并对其病毒血症、相关免疫学指标及抗体反应进行动态检测。结果显示:各感染组鸡的生长性能和免疫应答水平存在明显差异。从感染后第2周开始腹腔注射和肌肉注射组可检出泄殖腔排毒和病毒血症,此后持续带毒、排毒;体质量、免疫器官指数以及淋巴细胞转化率、CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞数、细胞因子(IL-2、IL-4和IFN-γ)的分泌量显著低于对照组;抗体转阳不明显。而口服、点眼感染组与对照组相比引起的免疫抑制程度并不显著。结果表明:1日龄雏鸡感染ALV-J容易造成免疫抑制,其中腹腔注射和肌肉注射感染造成鸡体带毒、排毒和免疫抑制的能力最强。本试验明确了鸡群ALV-J水平传播的不同途径与鸡的感染力、免疫抑制力之间的关系,为研究ALV-J的感染机制、种群净化以及防控提供了理论依据。In this study,an ALV-J-infected SPF chicken model was artificially established with different routes of inoculation to analyze the differences of immune suppression caused by ALV-J infection,thereby to evaluate the infection and pathogenicity under different ALV-J horizontal transmission,and to provide scientific evidences for the control and eradication of ALV-J. One-day-old SPF chickens were inoculated with ALV-J via oral, ophthalmic, intraperitoneal, intramuscular infection,then the growth performance, viral loads, and viral shedding of each group were monitored,and the dynamic changes of viremia,antibody secretion and immunological parameters were also determined. The results showed obvious differences in growth and immune performance between different groups. In intraperitoneal and intramuscular infection groups, viremia and virus shedding in cloaca swabs were positive from the 2nd week after inoculation,and this situation existed continuously. Moreover, the weight, immune organ index, lymphocyte transformation rate, CD4＋ and CD8＋T lymphocytes,cytokines （IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ）secretion in both intraperitoneal and intramuscular infection groups were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the antibody conversion were negative. However, the degree of immunosuppression in oral and ophthalmic infection groups was not significant compared with that in the control group. The results indicated that ALV-J infection on 1-day-old chickens is prone to induce immune suppression, in which intraperitoneal and intramuscular infection cause a strongest consequence of viremia and viral shedding, and immunosuppression. This study clarified the relationship between different ALV-J horizontal transmission,infection and pathogenicity,and provide scientific evidences for the study on mechanisms of ALV-J-infection,control and eradication.

关 键 词：J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J) 人工感染 SPF鸡 水平传播 免疫抑制 

分 类 号：S852.65[农业科学—基础兽医学]