被害人过错与死刑的限制适用  

On Restriction of the Application of Death Penalty by Victim's Fault

作　　者：彭新林 Peng Xinlin

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《法学杂志》2017年第11期31-38,共8页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：2012~2016年度欧盟民主与法治促进项目"中国死刑适用的司法限制"的研究成果

摘　　要：作为司法实践中重要的酌定量刑情节,被害人过错对于死刑的限制适用具有重要意义。被害人过错影响死刑适用的根据在于其反映了犯罪行为人主观恶性和人身危险性的趋轻变化。"责任分担理论"和"谴责性降低理论"共同为被害人过错影响量刑(死刑适用)提供了完整的诠释框架。被害人存在罪错的是否适用死刑应当分情况处理;被害人存在严重过错的,一般不应判处死刑立即执行;被害人存在一般过错的,应慎用死刑立即执行。如果案件中没有明显的从重情节或者还存在其他从宽情节时,原则上应当判处死缓;被害人存在轻微过错的,一般不足以影响对被告人死刑的适用,但可以与其他从宽情节一起对量刑发挥趋轻作用,从而弱化死刑立即执行的适用;被害人对矛盾激化负有直接责任的,一般不应判处死刑立即执行。As a kind of important discretionary circumstances of sentencing in judicial prac- tice, The victim＇ s fault is of great significance to restrict the application of death penalty. The victim＇ s fault reflects the subjective evil character of offenders and the dangerousness of the crim- inals. If the victims have delinquency for the crime, the death penalty should be treated in differ- ential circumstances. If the victims have aggravated negligence for the crime, usually, the death penalty should not be executed immediately. If the victims have general fault, the death penalty may not to be executed immediately. If there are no aggravating circumstances, or there are dis- cretionary attenuating circumstances of sentencing in the case, stay of execution will be consid- ered in principle. The slight negligence of victims has no effect on the application of the death penalty usually, but with other circumstances for lesser punishment, it can weaken immediate ex- ecution of death sentence. If the victims are directly responsible to the intensification of conflicts, generally we should not verdict immediate execution of death sentence.

关 键 词：被害人过错 酌定量刑情节 死刑限制适用 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]