兰州市交通干道土壤重金属污染及其对植物的影响  

Heavy metal pollution in soil and its effect on plants on the main roads of Lanzhou City

作　　者：杨颖丽[1] 李琼[1] 马婷[1] 李翠祥[1] 滕玉瑾 殷金梅[1] 高晓霞[1] 贾凌云[1] Yang Ying-li Li Qiong Ma Ting Li Cui-xiang Teng Yu-jin Yin Jin-mei Gao Xiao-xia Jia Ling-yun(School of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Chin)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学生命科学学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第5期664-670,共7页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(144FKCA059);兰州市科技计划项目(2011-1-142)

摘　　要：为了研究公路运营对路侧土壤和绿化植物造成的重金属污染状况,选取兰州市的两条交通干道北滨河路和安宁东西路,对公路旁土壤和绿化植物叶片中Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Mn、Ni、Fe、Ca等元素的分布特征及其潜在的生态风险进行分析.结果表明:公路路侧土壤重金属w(Cr)、w(Pb)、w(Zn)、w(Cu)、w(Mn)明显高于远离交通主干道的公园和大学校园,而w(Ni)无明显差异,交通运营造成的土壤重金属污染程度表现为Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn,Mn、Ni未达到污染水平;同一条公路的车辆拥堵、弯道多、十字路口等刹车频繁及车流量大的路段,路侧土壤中w(Cr)、w(Pb)、w(Zn)、w(Cu)明显高于其他采样点,表明机动车尾气的排放、汽车机件间摩擦和轮胎与路面间摩擦产生的粉尘是造成路侧土壤这4种重金属污染的主要原因;低质量分数重金属土壤中生存的大叶黄杨叶片积累了较多的Pb、Zn、Mn,说明大叶黄杨的根系对这3种重金属的吸收及向地上部分转运的能力强;安宁东西路高质量分数重金属土壤中生存的植物叶片Pb、Zn、Mn的积累量最高;安宁东西路的大多数植物叶片中积累的Ca量明显高于北滨河路的大多数绿化植物.In order to investigate the contamination of heavy metals in roadside soil and green plants associated with traffic operation in Lanzhou City, samples were collected from north riverside road and Anning east and west roads,and distribution characteristics and potential ecological risks of Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb, Mn, Ni, Fe and Ca were evaluated. The results showed that the amount of w（Cr）, w（Pb）, w（Zn）,w（Cu） and w（Mn） in roadside soil was higher than that in public parks and campuses, and the order of contamination degree caused by traffic operation was CuPbCrZn, but Mn and Ni missed pollution level. Road sections with frequent braking,a large traffic flow, crossroad exhibited a higher amount of w（Cr）, w（Pb）, w（Zn） and w（Cu） in comparison with other sample points, suggesting that the contamination of these four heavy metals was due to automobile exhaust emission, dust production from the friction between the car parts as well as the friction between the tire and road surface. The accumulation of Pb,Zn and Mn was higher in the leaves of Euonymus japonicus grown in soil with a low content of heavy metal, indicating a strong ability of heavy metal uptake by its roots and partial transport to the ground in Euonymus japonicus. w（Pb）,w（Zn） and w（Mn） were the highest in plants cultured in soil with a high content of heavy metals. w（Ca） was higher in the leaves of most plants on An ning east and west roads than in most plants on the north riverside road.

关 键 词：交通污染 重金属 土壤 植物 兰州市 

分 类 号：TU18[建筑科学—建筑理论]